We present a novel interaction device tracked in 6 degrees of freedom by two commodity cameras. The inexpensive Light Chisel is statically illuminated with two LEDs, and uses no additional sensor (e.g. inertial or magnetic) or means of communication or synchronization. Its form factor is well suited for a screwdriver or chisel grip, allowing the Light Chisel to be rolled between the fingers. Th...

Plough-breast is the crucial soil-engaging component of horizontally reversible plough (HRP). The unique merit HRP, in comparison to regular mouldboard ploughs, use remote cylinder (RC) drive its plough-body implement alternative shifting tillage operations. A major technical challenge operation violent soil-tool interaction, caused by varying RC speeds, appearing on plough-breast, particularly...

Ultrasonic assisted drilling (UAD) has been reported effective for thrust force reduction during drilling of CFRP resulting in lower exit delamination. However, this process is not fully understood in relation to machining theory. This work focused on understanding the separate effects of chisel and cutting edges during UAD in comparison with conventional drilling (CD). Experiments were perform...

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable soybean crops, but microclimate changes related global warming have imposed need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order maintain level of yield. In this study, we consider effect two soil tillage systems, seeding rate, as well fertilizer dosage and time application on yield quality crops. A multifac...

Climate change has now become a subject of concern for the whole world especially developing countries. According to Global Risk Index (GCRI) 2021, Pakistan lies at eight number amongst top ten countries which are facing severe impacts climatic changes. serious repercussions on agriculture sector Pakistan. Mitigation and Adaptation considered be options by climate experts counter negative chang...

We study the historical origins of cross-country differences in the male-to-female sex ratio. Our analysis focuses on the use of the plough in traditional agriculture. In societies that did not use the plough, women tended to participate in agriculture as actively as men. By contrast, in societies that used the plough, men specialized in agricultural work, due to the physical strength needed to...

Dryland farming in the Mediterranean climate of the Pacific Northwest, USA supports extremely low earthworm populations under conventional tillage. Increases in earthworm populations are being observed in fields under no-till cropping systems. A 30+ year experiment with four tillage levels in a pea (Pisum sativum L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation was evaluated for earthworm popul...

Excessive harvest of corn (Zea mays L.) stover for ethanol production has raised concerns regarding negative consequences on soil physical quality. Our objective was to quantify the impact of two tillage practices and three levels of corn stover harvest on near-surface soil physical quality through the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR). We evaluated no harvest, moderate and high stover harvest ...

This study was designed to calibrate and evaluate the subsurface drain flow component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM; Version 2.5) for four tillage-systems: chisel plow (CP), moldboard plow (MB), no-tillage (NT), and ridge-tillage (RT). Measured subsurface drain flow data for 1990 was used for model calibration. Main parameters calibrated were lateral saturated hydraulic conductivi...