The disinfective power of chlorine, bromine, and mixtures of chlorine and bromine at different ratios was compared. The influence of pH was also studied. The experiments were carried out in "purified" water and in natural waters of swimming pools, river, and sea. In the presence of high amounts of nitrogenous growth-promoting material (at neutral pH), bromine was more effective than chlorine; i...

Chlorine is widely used in public water supplies to provide a disinfection barrier. The effect of chlorine disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed using multiple techniques. After exposure to chlorine viable bacteria were undetectable by conventional plate count techniques; however, persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by flow cytometry and bacteri...

Thirty-one isomers of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were examined for biodegradability by two species of Alcaligenes and Acinetobacter. The following relationships between chlorine substitution and biodegradability of PCBs were observed. (i) Degradation decreased as chlorine substitution increased. PCB isomers containing more than four chlorines were less susceptible to degradation. (ii) PCBs ...

UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process (AOP), as a potential alternative to UV/H2O2 in water treatment, may pose risk of increased disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and is great concern. In this paper, seven benzene derivatives, containing two chlorine-inert five chlorine-active compounds, were selected typical model DBP precursors, the effects medium pressure (MPUV/chlorine) on their chl...

The reaction of free chlorine with tertiary ammonium or amine compounds in aqueous solution was studied by the amperometry at a rotating Pt-disk electrode. The amperometric method can be applied to follow the concentration of free chlorine (c(Cl)) even in the presence of chloramine species. By addition of mono- and dibutylammonium to the solution containing free chlorine, the step-like decrease...

Chlorine-containing disinfectants have been widely used around the world for prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. However, at present, little is known about impact residual chlorine on soil micro-ecological environment. Herein, we treated an experimental soil-plant-microbiome microcosm system by continuous irrigation with a low concentration chlorine-containing water, then analyzed infl...

The ferrite plating a method synthesizing ferrite films from an aqueous solution -has developed lately as follows; (1) Applying power ultrasound to aqueous solution improves the qualities of ferrite coating on polymer microspheres much, (2) similarity is found between mechanisms of the ferrite plating and bacterial FesO4 ( magnetsome) synthesis, (3) using highly alkaline (pH=13) solution contai...

Chlorine is a toxic gas used in a variety of industrial processes and is considered a chemical threat agent. High-level chlorine exposure causes acute lung injury, but the long-term effects of acute chlorine exposure are unclear. Here we characterized chronic pulmonary changes following acute chlorine exposure in mice. A/J mice were exposed to 240 parts per million-hour chlorine or sham-exposed...

We describe a glucuronidase bioassay for detecting residual bactericidal activity from the use of disinfectants on hard surfaces; in this assay we used formaldehyde, ethanol, isopropanol, chlorine, and a commercial preparation containing 2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol. Chlorine and the commercial preparation showed bactericidal activity (53.5% and 98.2%, respectively) for a week after disinfe...