Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrographic data collected in the North Atlantic in the late 1980s and early 1990s are used to confirm and add to earlier work on the large-scale circulation pathways and timescales for the spreading of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) components and how these components relate to the hydrographic structure. Throughout he western North Atlantic, high CFC concentrat...

Industrial chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. A chemically driven increase in polar ozone (or "healing") is expected in response to this historic agreement. Observations and model calculations together indicate that healing of the Antarctic ozone layer has now begun to occur during the month of September. Fingerprints of September he...

By R i c k R o n e y One logical approach to eliminating chlorofluorocarbons is to use water-soluble solder pastes. For years, elccaonic assembly houses have used aqueous cleaning for removing the water-soluble Hucs of the wave soldering operation. In fact, aqueous cleaningof assemblies bas been studied and characterized extensively. Obviously, a "drop-in" solder paste that could be cleaned in ...

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An exploration of ozone changes and their radiative forcing prior to the chlorofluorocarbon era D. T. Shindell and G. Faluvegi NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA also at: Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, USA Received: 2 August 2002 – Accepted: 10 September 2002 – Published: 18 September 2002 Correspondence to: D. T. Shindell (dsh...

in this paper the density and temperature dependencies of surface tension are investigated. using the lennard-jones (12,6), as an effective pair interaction potential, a linear expression is derived for isotherms of g /r2  versus r2 for some normal and chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) fluids, where  is surface tension and r = 1/v is molar density. the linearity behavior of the derived equation is wel...

As the 2010 phaseout date for chlorofluorocarbons draws nearer, materials engineers are working to find replacements for these ozone-depleting chemicals in the production of plastics and other products. One team of engineers is focusing on a combination of two low-cost and environmentally benign substances--supercritical carbon dioxide and clay nanoparticles--to meet these needs. The result is ...