the metabolic syndrome (ms) recognized as a major cause of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is multiple and still poorly understood. no single factor has yet been identified as an underlying causal factor. there is a growing belief, however, that obesity, specially visceral obe...

MOG antibody disorder presenting as a combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is uncommon. CCPD has been associated with other primary syndromes such multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Here, the authors describe diagnosis management of 21-year-old female historically sequential plaques in her right thalamus, cervical cord,...

Objectives: To evaluate a wireless smart phoneYassisted (SPA) system that assesses ongoing heart rate (HR) and HR-triggered participant reports of momentary stress when HR is elevated during daily life. This SPA system was used to determine the independent and interactive roles of chronic and momentary work stress on HR reactivity among women managers. Methods: A sample of 40 women managers rep...

abstract background and objective : psychological aspects of chronic diseases has attracted many professionals. because the incidence of sudden and uncontrollable symptoms of many diseases, causing stress and create a variety of negative emotions and mood in patients'. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy in reduceing stress, anxiety and depres...

objectives: this present study aims to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training on anxiety in female ms patients. methods: this study employed a semi-experimental research method with pre-test post-test, control group and random assignment. the statistical population fully consisted of female ms patients referred to the iran ms association in 2014, from...

the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (hpa) axis is a critical adaptive system that maximizes survival potential in the face of physical or psychological challenge. the principal end products of the hpa axis, glucocorticoid hormones, act on multiple organ systems, including the brain, to maintain homeostatic balance. the brain is a target of stress, and the hippocampus is the first brain reg...

Introduction: Stress is a main factor influencing brain functions as revealed by the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Moreover, different stress durations seemingly cause perturbations in brain waves and lead to mental disorders. This study investigates the effects of acute, sub-chronic and chronic stress on EEG in rats.  Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar adult male rats were randomly all...