The heavy reliance on incarceration in the United States is unusual relative to U.S. history and relative to the use of incarceration in other nations. By now, the facts are common knowledge. We incarcerate our citizens at a rate that exceeds every other nation and that is multiple times (on the order of five to seven) the rates of other high-income countries. Moreover, since the mid-1970s, our...

In this article, we state the necessary background for cluster algebras and quiver representations to formulate and prove a result of Caldero and Chapoton which gives a nice formula connecting the two subjects. In our exposition, we mostly follow the paper [CC], but we have tried to minimize the reliance of citing outside sources as much as possible. In particular, we avoid having to introduce ...

Travis Horrom,1 Salim Balik,2 Arturo Lezama,3 Mark D. Havey,2 and Eugeniy E. Mikhailov1 1Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA 2Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA 3Instituto de Fı́sica, Universidad de la República, Casilla de correo 30, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay (Received 20 February 2011; published 31...

Peter A. Troch1,2* Guillermo F. Martinez1 Valentijn R. N. Pauwels3 Matej Durcik4 Murugesu Sivapalan5,6 Ciaran Harman6 Paul D. Brooks1,4 Hoshin Gupta1,4 and Travis Huxman7,2 1 Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, USA 2 Biosphere 2 Earthscience, University of Arizona, USA 3 Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Belgium 4 SAHRA (Sustainabili...

Data was collected on Nov. 6, 2009 at the ARL Lake Travis Test Station. The lake has an estimated maximum depth of 37 m [2]. As seen in Fig. 1, the lake has a nearby dam and hilly former river bed terrain that contribute to high reverberation. Fig. 2 shows the temperature and sound speed profiles—a relatively constant set of temperatures and speeds compared to the thermoclines from the July, 20...