We decompose the COBE/DIRBE observations of the near–IR sky brightness (minus zodiacal light) into Galactic stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) components and an extragalactic background. This empirical procedure allows us to estimate the 4.9 μm cosmic infrared background (CIB) as a function of the CIB intensity at shorter wavelengths. A weak indication of a rising CIB intensity at λ > 3.5 μm...

Regenerated high energy emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are studied in detail. If the primary emission spectrum extends to TeV range, these very high energy photons will be absorbed by the cosmic infrared background (CIB). The created high energy electron-positron pairs up-scatter not only cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons but also CIB photons, and secondary photons are generated...

OBJECTIVES To assess the false-negative (FN) rate of positron emission tomography (PET)-chest computed tomography (CT) scan in clinical non-central cIA and cIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for mediastinal staging. METHODS Between January 2007 and December 2010, 402 patients with potentially operable NSCLC were assessed by thoracic CT scan and 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET-CT for media...

This study aims to develop artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based forward Lagrange optimizing ductile doubly reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Cost (CIb) of materials and manufacture were established as an objective function, which is minimized considering constraints according engineer’s needs. Large datasets 100,000 used derive AI-based function for cost (CIb, minimizing RC beams) a input para...

Using Planck maps of six regions of low Galactic dust emission with a total area of about 140 deg, we determine the angular power spectra of cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies from multipole = 200 to = 2000 at 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz. We use 21-cm observations of Hi as a tracer of thermal dust emission to reduce the already low level of Galactic dust emission and use the 143 GHz Pl...

Cosmic infrared background (CIB) contains emission from epochs inaccessible to current telescopic studies, such as the era of the first stars. We discuss theoretical expectations for the CIB contributions from the early population of massive stars. We then present the latest results from the ongoing project by our team [9, 10, 11, 12] to measure/constrain CIB fluctuations from early epochs usin...

A very general beam solution of the paraxial wave equation in circular cylindrical coordinates is presented. We call such a field a circular beam (CiB). The complex amplitude of the CiB is described by either the Whittaker functions or the confluent hypergeometric functions and is characterized by three parameters that are complex in the most general situation. The propagation through complex A...

BACKGROUND Calcification is an independent predictor of mortality in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of non-invasive, non-ionizing echocardiographic calibrated integrated backscatter (cIB) for monitoring progression and subsequent regression of aortic valvular calcifications in a rat model of reversible renal failure with CAVD, compared to his...

The TeV and X-ray data obtained by the imaging Cherenkov telescope CAT and X-ray satellite BeppoSAX during the remarkable flare of Mkn 501 in April 16, 1997 are used to constrain the flux of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) using different CIB models. We show that a non-negligible absorption of γ-rays due to the CIB could take place already in the low-energy (sub-TeV) domain of the spectrum...

The cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation was a long-sought fossil of energetic processes associated with structure formation and chemical evolution since the Big Bang. The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) and Far Infrared Absolute Spectropho-tometer (FIRAS) were specifically designed to search for this background from 1.25 µm to millimeter wavelengths. These two instrum...