the effect of a combined system of the bed suction and jet injection as a pier-scour countermeasure on the turbulent flow field is studied in a laboratory flume using an acoustic doppler velocimeter (adv). the three components of the velocities in the vertical symmetry plane in the equilibrium scour hole in front and rear of the pier under 3-jet injections and bed suction rate qs/q0 = 2%located...

Controlled rocking of steel braced frames has been proposed for the seismic retrofit of structures. The controlled rocking approach allows a frame to uplift from its support at the base-of-column to foundation interface while displacement-based steel yielding devices are implemented at the base location to control the response. Past studies have focused on analytical investigations of the respo...

The most important causes of bridge failure are local scour. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of slot as a protection device in reduction of depth of scour at cylindrical piers under clear water flow conditions. The development time of scour depth at the circular pier with and without a slot as a protection device was conducted. The experimen...

Extensive numerical and analytical studies exist that focus on the scours around bridge piers with different cross-sections. However, addressing scour piles are rather limited not conclusive. Therefore, most efficient cross-section reducing local a pile group is experimentally examined herein. Accordingly, comparative scouring of three shapes, namely, circular, rectangular lenticular, investiga...

An attempt was made to develop a method for sizing stable riprap around bridge piers based on a huge amount of experimental data, which is available in the literature. All available experimental data for circular as well as round-nose-and-tail rectangular piers were collected. The data for rectangular piers, with different aspect ratios, aligned with the flow or skewed at different angles to th...

Statement of the problem Many partially edentulous situations are present whereby the choice between a removable and a fixed partial denture lies within the delicate balance of a single standing abutment. This abutment is called as a pier abutment. If and when a fixed fixed prosthesis is given in such a case, the retainer over the pier abutment acts as a fulcrum and invariably leads to cement f...

The response of a bridge tower-pier system resting on elastic soil, with a sliding foundation obeying Coulomb's friction law, is studied. The stiffness and damping of the supporting soil is fully taken into account. The action of the suspension bridge cables is equivalent to a horizontal elastic restraint at the top of the tower. The differential equations of motion of the pier are formulated f...

a large number of authors have studied to find out how to control scouring around a pier along direct stream. the objective of this research is then to study a scour pattern around such piers on curves rivers due to the fact that there may be a difference between a flow pattern on a direct line and the meander. thus, this study tries to check whether the use of cable and collar alone and in a c...

In this paper, submerged vanes were placed at the upstream area of a bridge pier located at the 90 degree angle. Then, using the laboratory equipment, a study of flow pattern was conducted throughout the bend, specifically around the pier and submerged vanes. ADV velocimeter was incorporated in order to help measure 3D velocity components. Submerged vanes were installed at distances of 40 and 6...