For thousands of years, the Chinese and many other nations around the world built defensive walls around their cities. This phenomenon is not well understood from an economic perspective. To rationalize the existence of city walls, we propose a simple model that relates the dimensions of city walls to a set of economic variables. Guided by this model, we conduct an empirical analysis using hand...

Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, Office of the Dean, School of Health Professions, University o...

The various levels of detail (LODs) of a 3D city model are often stored independently—without links between the representations of the same object—, causing inconsistencies as well as update and maintenance problems. One solution to this problem is tomodel the LODas an extra geometric dimensionperpendicular to the three spatial ones, resulting in a true 4Dmodel in which a single 4D object (a po...

As modern power grids move towards becoming a smart grid, there is an increasing reliance on the data that is transmitted and processed by ICT systems. This reliance introduces new digital attack vectors. Many of the proposed approaches that aim to address this problem largely focus on applying well-known ICT security solutions. However, what is needed are approaches that meet the complex conce...

The interconnection and exchange of information is a basic requirement to enable Smart Cities. Such an interconnection must be realized within each domain (vertically) as well as among different domains (horizontally). Typical domains cover energy, automotive, health, intelligent buildings, transportation, manufacturing as well as the military domain. Therefore, horizontal and vertical informat...

| It is often appealing to assume that existing solutions can be directly applied to emerging engineering domains. Unfortunately, careful investigation of the unique challenges presented by new domains exposes its idiosyncrasies, thus often requiring new approaches and solutions. In this paper, we argue that the Bsmart[ grid, replacing its incredibly successful and reliable predecessor, poses a...

The objective of this study is to create building damage hazard zonation area using fuzzy kohonen clustering network (FKCN) for physical parameter data clustering and inverse distance weighting (IDW) for data interpolation in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia. IDW algorithm is used alongside FKCN because of its simplicity. The physical parameter in this study consists of lithology, topographic zone an...

An increasingly large amount of small cells – e.g. WiFi hotspots – is being deployed in residential areas to connect a plethora of smart devices to the Internet. In this paper, we present a social city network leveraging small cells for sharing content geographically and temporarily whilst preserving the privacy of its users. Unlike a social network built around friends, we propose a social cit...