Although the international standard CityGML has five levels of detail (LODs), the vast majority of available models are the coarse ones (up to LOD2, ie block-shaped buildings with roofs). LOD3 and LOD4 models, which contain architectural details such as balconies, windows and rooms, nearly exist because, unlike coarser LODs, their construction requires several datasets that must be acquired wit...

Computer games and serious geographic information systems (GIS) share many requirements with regard to storage, exchange, and visualization of geographic data. Furthermore, there is a demand for highfidelity photo-realistic and non-photo-realistic visualization. This poses at least two questions: Is there a single data format standard suitable for serious GIS-based applications and computer gam...

Three-dimensional modelling of urban environments is increasingly in a very fast way, and there is a diversifying demand of services and applications closed to virtual reality. The large diversity of formats, tools and products poses the need of developing software tools for sharing and exchanging information from context recognition. We propose an approach for system architecture composed by t...

Focus of this paper lies on the enrichment of 3D models with features extracted from IR images and on the integration of factual data, multiple image textures, and meta data into a semantically-geometrical model. In the last year CityGML was developed to capture geometric data and links to textures images as well as factual data and meta data of 3D city models. Multiple textures given by, e.g. ...

Taking precautions before a disaster to reduce the causalities and losses engendered by natural disasters is relatively cheaper, and more importantly, better than cure. The authors propose a conceptual framework with the consideration of all stakeholders related to the disaster management to have a better risk management, and to guide the design, implementation and integration of the 3D urban m...

With the recent increasing build and application for 3D spatial information, the importance of management and application for spatial information based on indoor space has been increased. Especially, Due to the increasing of the scale and complexity of the building according to the development of construction technologies several studies have been conducted to provide the services based on indo...

Due to the advances in computer graphics and improved network speed it is now possible to navigate in 3D virtual world in real time. Until now, technologies employed require to install standalone application or plugins on navigators. The arrival of HTML 5 brings news solutions to visualize 3D data in a browser with WebGL. Several globe projects have proven that such technologies can be employed...

Virtual 3D city models provide important information for different aspects of disaster management. In this context, up-to-dateness of and flexible access to 3D city models are of utmost importance. Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) provide the appropriate framework to cover both aspects, integrating distributed data sources on demand. In this paper we present CityGML, a multi-purpose and multi...

CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in integration of building information modeling (BIM) and geographic system (GIS), it essential for digital twin smart city applications. The new 3.0 has been released a while, but still not clear whether its features bring challenges or opportunities to this research topic. Therefore, aim study understand state art BIM/...

This paper aims to evaluate the accuracy and strength of a new approach that automatically calculates the heating demand of whole district areas, modelled in 3D with the open standard CityGML. For this purpose, two residential districts in Ludwigsburg and Karlsruhe have been chosen as case studies. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, the simulation results were compared to real measured cons...