The article analyzes the basic principles of landscape design imperial and aristocratic parks in Russian Empire XVIII–XIX centuries. There were "official" designed to be visited by high-ranking guests, "private" parks, which not covered canons park. In Tsarskoye Selo residence Catherine's Park performed function with appropriate pomp, located next it Alexander's –respectively, became a model fo...

The classicism of the first decade 20th century was analyzed as a result negative assessment situation in culture late 19th century. opinions such cultural theorists Max Nordau or Richard Hamann, who represent extreme individualism and isolation art from moral social tasks, are manifestations degeneration decline, leading society to madness collapse. features characteristic end (fin de siècle) ...

One of the hallmarks of human cognition is the capacity to generalize over arbitrary constituents. Recently, Marcus (1998b, 1998a) argued that this capacity, called “universal generalization” (universality), is not supported by Connectionist models. Instead, universality is best explained by Classical symbol systems, with Connectionism as its implementation. Here it is argued that universality ...

A plurality of approaches to foundational aspects of mathematics is a fact of life. Two loci of this are discussed here, the classicism/constructivism controversy over standards of proof, and the plurality of universes of discourse for mathematics arising in set theory and in category theory, whose problematic relationship is discussed. The first case illustrates the hypothesis that a sufficien...

The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm (Cortes and Vapnik, 1995) is probably the most widely used kernel learning algorithm. It achieves relatively robust pattern recognition performance using well-established concepts in optimization theory. Despite this mathematical classicism, the implementation of efficient SVM solvers has diverged from the classical methods of numerical optimization. T...