We add labels to first-order clauses to simultaneously apply superpositions to several proof obligations inside one clause set. From a theoretical perspective, the approach unifies a variety of deduction modes. These include different strategies such as set of support, as well as explicit case analysis, e.g., splitting. From a practical perspective, labelled clauses offer advantages in the case...

In this chapter, we examine the typology of relative clauses. We will define relative clauses as follows: (1) A relative clause (RC) is a subordinate clause which delimits the reference of an NP by specifying the role of the referent of that NP in the situation described by the RC. Since the NP whose reference is being delimited is in the matrix clause, we will call it NP mat , and we will call...

Given a family of Horn clauses, what is the minimal number of Horn clauses implying all other clauses in the family? What is the maximal number of Horn clauses from the family without having resolvents of a certain kind? We consider various problems of this type, and give some sharp bounds. We also consider the probability that a random family of a given size implies all other clauses in the fa...

Clause-elimination techniques that simplify formulas by removing redundant clauses play an important role in modern SAT solving. Among the types of redundant clauses, blocked clauses are particularly popular. For checking whether a clause C is blocked in a formula F , one only needs to consider the so-called resolution neighborhood of C, i.e., the set of clauses that can be resolved with C. Bec...

An analysis of English restrictive relative clauses is developed that accounts for many of the differences between them and three other clause types having the same internal structure, namely nonrestrictive relative clauses, cleft clauses, and ‘pscudorelative’ clauses as in Tllt~ ~1’11 ttwtt_r Attwictrtts who like hshll. Section I is devoted to establishing the surface constituent structures of...

Yu-Fang Wang Graduate Institute of English , National Taiwan Normal University Abstract In conversation, adverbial clause subordination is most commonly achieved through temporal, conditional, concessive, and causal conjunctions, such as dang (` when'), ruguoCin, suiran (`although'), yinwei (` because'), etc. in Mandarin Chinese. This study aims at exploring adverbial clauses in spoken Mandarin...

This article is about annotating clauses with nonverbal predication in version 2 of Estonian UD treebank. Three possible annotation schemas are discussed, among which separating existential clauses from copular clauses would be theoretically most sound but would need too much manual labor and could possibly yield inconcistent annotation. Therefore, a solution has been adapted which separates ex...