Cl(-) channels play important roles in the regulation of a variety of functions, including electrical excitability, cell volume regulation, transepithelial transport and acidification of cellular organelles. They are expressed in plasma membranes or reside in intracellular organelles. A large number of Cl(-) channels with different functions have been identified. Some of them are highly express...

ClC-4 is closely related to ClC-5, a member of the ClC family of transporters and channels. Unlike ClC-5, for which a role in the regulation of endosomal function was well established, the cellular function of ClC-4 was uncertain. In the present study, we tested for a specific role for ClC-4 in recycling endosomes by comparing transferrin (Tfn) receptor function in primary cell lines generated ...

The highly homologous Cl(-) channels CLC-Ka and CLC-Kb are important for water and salt conservation in the kidney and for the production of endolymph in the inner ear. Mutations in CLC-Kb lead to Bartter's syndrome and mutations in the small CLC-K subunit barttin lead to Bartter's syndrome and deafness. Here we show that CLC-Ka is blocked by the recently identified blocker 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-...

Chloride channels in the kidney are involved in important physiological functions such as cell volume regulation, acidification of intracellular vesicles, and transepithelial chloride transport. Among eight mammalian CLC chloride channels expressed in the kidney, three (CLC-K1, CLC-K2, and CLC-5) were identified to be related to kidney diseases in humans or mice. CLC-K1 mediates a transepitheli...

BACKGROUND The mammalian CLC protein family comprises nine members (ClC-1 to -7 and ClC-Ka, -Kb) that function either as plasma membrane chloride channels or as intracellular chloride/proton antiporters, and that sustain a broad spectrum of cellular processes, such as membrane excitability, transepithelial transport, endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In this study we focus on human ClC-6, ...

The mammalian genome encodes at least nine different members of the ClC family of chloride channels. So far only two of them could be localized on a cellular level in the kidney. We now report on the precise intrarenal localization of the mRNAs coding for the chloride channels ClC-2, ClC-3 and ClC-5. Expression of ClC-2 mRNA, encoding a swelling-activated chloride channel, could be demonstrated...

The effect of crude lysate of Chlorella sp. (CLC) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in male ICR mice was investigated. The CLC is a protein-enriched powder containing around 65% of microalgal proteins. There were no hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity detected in the mice fed with the feed containing CLC with a much high level of 10% for 28 days. The hepatoprotective function of CLC wa...

If for no other reason than the need to maintain elec-troneutrality, anions are the equals of cations, and chloride channel dysfunctions underlie not only in cystic fi-brosis but a host of other diseases. Nevertheless, anions often appear to take the backstage in discussions of membrane transport and ionic homeostasis. Recently, however, they got equal time at the 57 th Annual Meet-ganized the ...

It has been reported that chloride-proton exchanger ClC-5 and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase are essential for endosomal acidification in the renal proximal cells. Here, we found that ClC-5 is expressed in the gastric parietal cells which secrete actively hydrochloric acid at the luminal region of the gland, and that it is partially localized in the intracellular tubulovesicles in which gastric H(+)...

It was shown in this study that knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA prevented the activation of hypotonicity-induced chloride currents, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. Reconstitution of ClC-3 expression with ClC-3 expression plasmids could rescue the cells from the cell cycle arrest caused by ClC-3 siRNA treatments. Transfection of cells ...