The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) level decreases in menopause. However, the problem of these hormones should be determined by strict timing of sampling, and there are individual specificities of decreases of hormone ...

As a result of the age-related decline in reproductive function, during perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods female patients experience an estrogen deficiency state. Due to this state, symptoms deficiency, which are combined into concept “climacteric syndrome”, begin manifest. Climacteric syndrome is complex vegetative-vascular, mental, metabolic-endocrine disorders that develop women not ...

BACKGROUND To investigate factors associated with climacteric symptoms and the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS A random sample of women aged 46, 50, 54, 58 and 62 years resident in Goteborg, Sweden (n=5,990) were invited by letter to complete a postal questionnaire concerning the menopause and HRT use. RESULTS The response rate was 76% (n=4,504). Women with a higher educat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of bioidentical combined 17β-estradiol and progesterone transdermal delivery system (lipophilic emulsion-type base) to relieve climacteric symptoms. The hormonal replacement was given during a period of 6 months at four different cyclic doses to mimic the normal ovary secretory pattern. DESIGN An open, randomized, comparative, between-patien...

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of a transdermal nanostructured formulation of progesterone (10%) combined with estriol (0.1%) + estradiol (0.25%) for relieving postmenopausal symptoms. METHODS A total of 66 postmenopausal Brazilian women with climacteric symptoms of natural menopause received transdermal nanostructured formulations of progesterone and estrogens in the forearm ...

different symptoms in climacteric period, includes hot flash. hormone replacement therapy (hrt) is common therapy for relief of menopausal symptoms but has possible contraindications and side effects. recently piascledine (combination of avocado oil with soybean oil) showed effects in reducing hot flash severity. present study designed to compare the effects of hrt with piascledine in treatment...

Different symptoms in Climacteric period, includes hot flash. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is common therapy for relief of menopausal symptoms but has possible contraindications and side effects. Recently Piascledine (combination of Avocado oil with Soybean oil) showed effects in reducing hot flash severity. Present study designed to compare the effects of HRT with Piascledine in treatment...