Cardiovascular Abnormal electrocardiogram Predisposition for digitalis toxicity Atrial ventricular arrhythmias Hypertension Neuromuscular Smooth muscle Constipation/ileus Bladder dysfunction Skeletal muscle Weakness/cramps Tetany Paralysis Myalgias/rhabdomyolysis Renal/electrolyte Functional alterations Decreased glomerular filtration rate Decreased renal blood flow Renal concentrating defect I...

In the course of time human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) notably affects the host’s immune system. As a result, HIV-infected people can experience awide range of clinical manifestations, especially if the infection is not being treated duly with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). At such an advanced stage of the disease, patients eventually face severe illnesses. Of these, more than 20 ...

Primary hyperoxaluria is characterized during life by a continuous urinary oxalate excretion level of about 100-400 mg. (expressed as (COOH)2.2H20) per 24 hours as opposed to the normal value of less than 45 mg. per 24 hours. Patients with this disease usually present in early childhood with multiple bilateral renal or ureteric calculi which increase rapidly in size and are composed wholly or p...