Philosophers have long debated ‘substrate’ and ‘bundle’ theories as to how properties hold together in objects ― but have neglected to consider that every chemical entity is defined by closure of relationships among components ― here designated ‘Closure Louis de Broglie.’ That type of closure underlies the coherence of spectroscopic and chemical properties of chemical substances, and is importa...

We define a closure operation for rings of mixed characteristic and verify that the closure is a ring. We then show that this closure produces a ring with good properties with respect to its Fontaine ring and give an example to show that rings that are not closed in this sense do not satisfy these properties.

We study some properties of the closure concept in claw-free graphs that was introduced by the rst author. It is known that G is hamiltonian if and only if its closure is hamiltonian, but, on the other hand, there are innnite classes of non-pancyclic graphs with pancyclic closure. We show several structural properties of claw-free graphs with complete closure and their clique cutsets and, using...

The form{closure and force{closure properties of robotic grasping are investigated. Loosely speaking, these properties are related to the capability of the robot to inhibit motions of the workpiece in spite of externally applied forces. In this paper, form{closure is considered as a purely geometric property of a set of unilateral (contact) constraints, such as those applied on a workpiece by a...

1 Phase-Type Distributions 2 1.1 Continuous Phase-Type Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Discrete Phase-Type Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Closure Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Further Closure Properties for Continuous Distributions . . . . . . . . . ....

Introduction: The most common type of velopharyngeal valve (VPV) closure is a matter of controversy.The aim of this study was to estimate the most common type of VPV closure, including identification of the type and grade of VPV closure among Egyptian children.  Materials and Methods: This study included patients who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. In these cases, video-nasoendoscopy an...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of multiplier in -algebra and study relationships between multipliers and some special mappings, likeness closure operators, homomorphisms and ( -derivations in -algebras. we introduce the concept of idempotent multipliers in bl-algebra and weak congruence and obtain an interconnection between idempotent multipliers and weak congruences. also, we introduce...

(i) A set is a cylinder if and only if it is an ^-cylinder for each n > 1. (ii) The class of all (n+l)-cylinders is a proper subset of the class of all π-cylinders for each n > 1. (iii) For each n > 1, the class of all ^-cylinders contains a simple set and hence a nonsplinter. (iv) For each n > 1, the class of all ^-cylinders contains a nonsimple nonsplinter. (v) A set P is an ^-cylinder (n > 1...

Let X be a metric space with metric p, let f(X)QX be a continuous mapping, and let h(X) ^X be a homeomorphism. For x&X, the s e t 23^-°o/(^) i called the semi-orbit of # under ƒ and the set n£XZh{x) is called the orbit of # under h. For # £ X , the closure of the semi-orbit of x under ƒ is called the semi-orbit-closure of x under ƒ and the closure of the orbit of x under h is called the orbit-c...