Shallow cumulus clouds in the trade-wind regions are at the heart of the long standing uncertainty in climate sensitivity estimates. In current climate models, cloud feedbacks are strongly influenced by cloud-base cloud amount in the trades. Therefore, understanding the key factors controlling cloudiness near cloud-base in shallow convective regimes has emerged as an important topic of investig...

[1] The indirect radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols is sensitive to particle size and concentration, which are influenced significantly by nucleation processes. Via its role in aerosol formation, cosmic ray may affect the cloud condensation nuclei abundance and hence the global cloud properties and climate. Systematic variations in ionization rates due to the modulation of cosmic ray rad...

Continuous all-sky camera images supported by direct visual observations of jet contrails have been carried out in Fairbanks since March 2000. These data together with FAA information of all commercial flights and the twice-daily radiosonde data, give the meteorological conditions at flight level under which contrails are formed. If we correct for daylight and clear sky conditions, which make c...

Measurements and models show that enhanced aerosol concentrations can augment cloud albedo not only by increasing total droplet cross-sectional area, but also by reducing precipitation and thereby increasing cloud water content and cloud coverage. Aerosol pollution is expected to exert a net cooling influence on the global climate through these conventional mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate an o...

abstract nowadays, solar energy as one of the most important sources of clean and free of damaging environmental effects energy are used in many cases including generation of electricity, heat and desalination of salt water. the purpose of this research is identification of high radiation areas as most suitable regions for these applications.to do this, cloudiness data of 120 synoptic stations ...

I have been using the spectrophoto-metric assay of Cushman and Cheung (1) as modified by Lieberman (2) to assay for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in diagnosis of possible sarcoidosis. However, replicate determinations produced results that varied considerably, creating some doubt about its analytical usefulness. Taylor and Freeman (3) identified a cause of this variability as cloudi...

Solar energy is one of the most important energy sources with increasing penetration into the power supply systems of many countries, due to the reduced environmental impact of its operation. One of the important factors of the efficiency of photovoltaic systems is the predictability of solar radiation, which depends on the clouds and the meteorological conditions, the occurrence of which is a ...

Ice clouds play an important role in determining the radiation budget and hydrological cycle. For example, the shortwave surface cooling effect of high clouds is in the order of 100 Wm -2 in the warm pool, the Asian Monsoon area, and the Amazon region during the southern summer (Li and Leighton, 1993). In the context of coupled oceanatmosphere general circulation models, a successful simulation...

At present the problems of the radiation transfer theory in the cloudy atmosphere have not been completely developed. However, a series of problems is available, which can be solved only as a result of complex experimental measurements of spectral, radiation, thermodynamic, microphysical, and other characteristics of cloudiness. In particular, cloudiness is During the experiments carried out in...