Trimethoprim, which has been widely available for several years in combination with sulphamethoxazole as co-trimoxazole, is now available for use alone in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Trimethoprim, which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, is readily absorbed by the oral route and is widely distributed in body flu...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to define the molecular basis of co-trimoxazole resistance in Malawian pneumococci under the dual selective pressure of widespread co-trimoxazole and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine use. METHODS We measured the trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole MICs and analysed folA and folP nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences for 143 pneumococci isolated from carriage and in...

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is a widely available antibiotic that substantially reduces HIV-related morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole is a recommended intervention of proven benefit that could serve not only as an initial step towards improving paediatric care in young children with limited access to antiretroviral treatment,...

The effects of inocula and media on the activities of ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole against Haemophilus influenzae were examined in vitro. Two inocula and four media were tested by the disk diffusion, broth dilution, and agar dilution methods. Chloramphenicol activity versus H. influenzae was least affected by changes in inocula and media, whereas co-trimoxazole was...

The Pakistan program for control of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) adopted the standard ARI-case-management strategy of the World Health Organization and recommended co-trimoxazole for the management of nonsevere pneumonia. Reports in that country of high in vitro antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to co-trimoxazole prompted the program to...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal condition with limited treatment options. However, in a previous small study, co-trimoxazole was found to be beneficial. METHODS In a double-blind multicentre study, 181 patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (89% diagnosed as definite/probable IPF) were randomised to receive co-trimoxazole 960 mg twice daily or place...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of co-trimoxazole versus that of vancomycin in adults with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective matched cohort study. Thirty-eight patients with MRSA bacteraemia, treated with co-trimoxazole as the main therapeutic agent, were matched with 76 patients treated with vancomycin as the mai...

Results: 1538 isolates from respiratory specimens of 349 CF patients over 15 years were investigated. Annual prevalence increased significantly for both bacteria, being more pronounced for H. parainfluenzae. Average percentage of resistant cultures increased by 46% (H. Influenzae) and 61% (H. Parainfluenzae). For H. influenzae, resistance to ampicillin was 34.4%, co-trimoxazole 21.4%. For H. pa...

Forty patients presenting with first episode genital herpes were randomly allocated to seven day treatment with oral acyclovir alone, placebo alone, oral acyclovir plus co-trimoxazole, or placebo plus co-trimoxazole. Patients receiving acyclovir had significantly shorter periods of viral shedding (p less than 0.001), pain (p = 0.03), and times to lesion healing (p less than 0.05). Averaged over...