Background: Sleep disturbances have negative effects on medical conditions, mental health and cognitive performance. It was shown that about 60% of inpatients suffer from sleep problems. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between sleep quality and other factors in the inpatients of Rasoul-e-Akram hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the hospitalized patients in...

objective: the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation (intrinsic–external) and cognitive distortions. methods: general design of this study considered as a descriptive and correlational method. universal population in this research consist all students of the urmia azad university, which were studying during 2012 and 2013 (n = 250). all responden...

Gifted and talented students are who possess a high cognitive level. Most preceding researches have concentrated more on analyzing students’ cognitive, but the issue of socio-emotional well-being is often overlooked. Based conclusions needs analysis conducted among teachers, principal these social anxiety. This anxiety will hinder true potential if one does not address it promptly. The occurs d...

Studies have shown that in everyday school activities the predominating forms of learning are characterized by individualism and competition. Such atmosphere of individualism and competition can hardly have a positive influence on the development and stimulation of students’ competence in teaching literature. The focus of interactive learning is not only on cognitive competences, which the trad...

Article history: Received 17 September 2009 Revised 19 January 2010 Accepted 25 January 2010 Available online 4 February 2010

The World Health Organization reports that 2 million people die each year from the effects of air pollution, twice the number of fatalities as from automobile accidents [1]. Direct causes of air pollution related deaths include aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases, and respiratory allergies. While civic agencies address large-scale environmental health problems from...

Unlike the polar vortices observed in the Earth, Mars and Titan atmospheres, the observed Venus polar vortex is warmer than the midlatitudes at cloud-top levels (∼65 km). This warm polar vortex is zonally surrounded by a cold latitude band located at ∼60° latitude, which is a unique feature called 'cold collar' in the Venus atmosphere. Although these structures have been observed in numerous pr...