This  study  examined  the  effects  of  individual  difference  (ID)  factors  on  changing  pragmatic abilities  among  L2  learners  of  English.  Participants  were  48  Japanese  EFL  students  in  an English-medium  university  in  Japan.  They  completed  a  pragmatic  speaking  test  (k=12)  that assessed  their  ability  to  produce  two  speech  acts:  requests  and  opinions,  in  hi...

Human cognition unfolds in a multitude of environments, including those that are associated with extreme stressors. Successfully measuring and modeling behaviors such environments is inherently difficult. The current effort aimed to assess variation stability flexibility cognitive performance during cold stress, individual differences errors, physiological correlates. Fifty-seven service member...

Previous research on media multitasking has often focussed the frequency with which people perform this type of behaviour. Heavy multitaskers have been found to differ from light in their performance tasks involving executive functioning (although these differences not always consistently). The aim present study was explore individuals’ relation ability multitask (i.e., retain information prese...