a classical theory is developed which calculates the momentum transfer rate constant between an ion and a non-polar molecule. the model takes into consideration the effect of diffraction outside the capture limit on the rate constants. the theory is used to calculate momentum transfer rate constant for cl- with trans-dichloroethylene and para-difluorobenzene. theoretical results are compared to...

Security is a vital issue in the usage of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) for cash, cashless and many off the counter banking transactions. Weaknesses in the use of ATM machine could not only lead to loss of customer’s data confidentiality and integrity but also breach in the verification of user’s authentication. Several challenges are associated with the use of ATM smart card such as: card clo...

The potential use of systems that seek to communicate a warning of impending collision directly to the driver is examined. Technological advances in collision-warning systems include reliable, low-cost radars, sensors with low noise levels, and the development of accurate detection algorithms for particular crash types, e.g. rear-end collisions. However, fundamental practical constraints make p...

Tunable diode laser induced fluorescence (TDLIF) measurements are discussed and quantitatively evaluated for nitrogen admixtures in argon plasma under the influence of a strong magnetic field. TDLIF were used to evaluate light-transport properties strongly magnetized optically thick argon/nitrogen different pressure conditions. Therefore, coupled system rate balance equations was constructed de...

In this study, we examined the neuronal correlates of frog collision avoidance behavior. Single unit recordings in the optic tectum showed that 11 neurons gave selective responses to objects approaching on a direct collision course. The collision-sensitive neurons exhibited extremely tight tuning for collision bound trajectories with mean half-width at half height values of 0.8 and 0.9° (n = 4)...