The advent of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Earth Gravitational Model (EGM)particularly Positioning (GPS) has modernized geodetic surveying in providing horizontal vertical positions points with a sub-meter level accuracy over the reference ellipsoid. GPS gives ellipsoidal heights which makes conversion to orthometric possible by incorporating geoid model. conventional method de...

In this work, incremental sheet forming of a complicated shape is investigated experimentally. Two point incremental forming with negative and positive dies are employed for manufacturing of a complicated shape with positive and negative truncated cones. The material is aluminum alloy 3105 with a thickness of 1 mm. The effects of process parameters such as sequence of positive and negative form...

Li andWang recently comparedgeoiddeterminationbyvariousgravimetricmethods formodifyingStokes' formula vs. usingGPS/levelling geoid heights as a reference model. Possible large systematic errors in the differences of gravimetric and GPS/levelling geoid models deteriorate the results and conclusions. Moreover, spectral combination, the only stochastic method in the study, was applied in an unreal...

[1] The accurate determination of tropical cyclone (TC) cloud-top height and its vertical thermal structure using the GPS radio occultation (RO) technique is demonstrated in this study. Cloud-top heights are determined by using the bending angle anomaly and the temperature anomaly profiles during the TC events, and the results are compared to near-coincident cloud-top heights determined by Clou...

The development of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) model is a significant contribution for modeling the Earth’s gravity and geoid. Recently, it can be confidently used versus geometric models following a simple refinement procedure. Several studies show that, EGM2008 can reach the accuracy of regional or local geoid models after modeling the differences between the GPS-leveling geo...