A combined numerical and experimental study is reported of solid/liquid phase change in porous media with natural convection in the melt region. The model is based on volume averaged transport equations, while phase change is assumed to occur over a small temperature range. Experiments are performed in a vertical, square enclosure using gallium and glass beads as the fluid and the porous matrix...

Numerical simulations are performed to study coupled fluid flow and heat transfer in a thin liquid slag or flux layer. The steady state Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the commercial finite volume code FLUENT. The combined effects of natural convection, bottom shear velocity and strongly temperature dependent viscosity are investigated. It is found that the variation of Nu with Ra for ...

We consider a time-dependent and a steady linear convection-diffusion equation. These equations are approximately solved by a combined finite element – finite volume method: the diffusion term is discretized by Crouzeix-Raviart piecewise linear finite elements on a triangular grid, and the convection term by upwind barycentric finite volumes. In the unsteady case, the implicit Euler method is u...

Two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) have often been used to model landscape phenomena such as bushfires and epidemic spread. The application to bushfires has generally been limited to the implementation of empirical fire spread models in a twodimensional (2D) lattice framework. The effect of convection and wind interaction above the ground on the behaviour and spread of the fire has not been...

A combined approximate scheme is defined for convection-diffusion-reaction equations. This scheme is constructed by two methods. Standard mixed finite element method is used for diffusion term. A second order characteristic finite element method is presented to handle the material derivative term, that is, the time derivative term plus the convection term. The stability is proved and the L-norm...

In this work, the Characteristic-Based-Split (CBS) scheme is combined with the Minimum Polynomial Extrapolation (MPE) method to solve Navier-Stokes problems. We show the case of natural convection where the Navier--Stokes equations are coupled with the temperature equation. The local temperature difference induces a local density difference within the fluid and this produce the fluid motion. BU...

High latitude ionospheric convection patterns and models are obtained based on a composite analysis of incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations in the North America sector at Millstone Hill and Sondrestrom (MHS). These observations span a combined latitude range of 55 pLp82 over time periods starting from 1978 for Millstone Hill and from 1995 for Sondrestrom. These models, regional to the Am...