Main aim of this study is to quantify and analyze the utilization and utilization trends of oral hormonal contraceptives in the City of Zagreb, 2008-2010, and to propose potential interventions, if necessary. Data gathered from Zagreb pharmacies were assessed by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification of drugs and Daily Defined Dose methodology. An alarming decrease in total utilization ...

The association between users of combined oral contraceptives and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception and bone mineral density (BMD) has been controversial because of variations among studies. Like other studies, this cross-sectional study compares BMD in users of combined oral contraceptives and DMPA with that in nonusers. Unlike previous studies, we defined long-term us...

OBJECTIVE To compare the estimated proportion of contraindications to combined oral contraceptives between women who obtained combined oral contraceptives in U.S. public clinics compared with women who obtained combined oral contraceptives over the counter (OTC) in Mexican pharmacies. METHODS We recruited a cohort of 501 women who were residents of El Paso, Texas, who obtained OTC combined or...

Since their introduction in the 1960s the safety of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has been widely debated. The difficulty in determining if COC use increases the risk of developing cancer is due to: • the long latent period between exposure to the potential carcinogen and overt malignant disease • the fact that due to the developments in COCs women are likely to have taken a variety of di...

Oral contraceptives are classically given in a cyclic manner with 21 days of active pills followed by 7 days of placebo. In the past 4 years, new oral contraceptives have been introduced which either shorten the placebo time, lengthen the active pills (extended cycle), or provide active pills every day (continuous). These concepts are not new; extended and continuous pills were first studied in...

background most women taking combined oral contraceptives (cocs) are satisfied with their contraceptive method. however, one of the most common reasons reported for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives (cocs) is mood deterioration. objectives this study aimed to compare effects of the second and third generation oral contraceptive pills on the mood of reproductive women. materials an...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

UNLABELLED Most studies investigating the impact of oral contraceptives have been performed some years ago, when the level of sexual hormones was greater than the actual formulations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of current combined oral contraceptives (COC) on periodontal tissues, correlating the clinical parameters examined with the total duration of continuou...