The U.S. Army Reserve struggles with retention and faces difficulties with soldier turnover. The intent of the study was to assess key psychological variables such as optimism and hope to establish how those traits might impact soldiers' level of organizational commitment and turnover intention in the Army. The sample consisted of 124 U.S. soldiers selected from an Army Reserve unit in Houston,...

It has been proved earlier that the existence of bit commitment schema (blobs) implies the existence of sereknowledge proofs of information possession, which are MA-protocols (i.e. the verifier sends only independent random bits) [BrChCr], [GoMiWi]. In this paper we prove the converse result in a slightly modified form: We define a concept called veoHy zero-knowledge, which is like ordinary zer...

Studies have shown that nearly two-thirds of all software process improvement (SPI) efforts have failed or at least fell short of expectations. Commitment has been argued to play an important role in determining the outcome of an SPI endeavor. This paper reports preliminary results from a study that attempts to explicate commitment process in SPI. Four SPI efforts were studied in two different ...

Economic reconstruction typically takes place after the end of war. Yet recently, economic reconstruction has been viewed as a means to ‘win hearts and minds’ during ongoing conflict. Drawing on a variety of reconstruction experiences from Afghanistan and Iraq, we identify four ‘reconstruction traps’ that result from the incentives and constraints faced by actors involved in economic reconstruc...

SOBA is an approach to election verification that provides observers with justifiably high confidence that the reported results of an election are consistent with an audit trail (“ballots”), which can be paper or electronic. SOBA combines three ideas: (1) publishing cast vote records (CVRs) separately for each contest, so that anyone can verify that each reported contest outcome is correct, if ...

This paper considers a simple stochastic model of international trade with three countries. Two of the tree countries are in an economic union. Comparisons are made between equilibrium welfare for these two countries under fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes. Within the model it is shown that flexible exchange rate regimes generate greater welfare. However, we then consider comparisons of ...

Article history: Received 13 June 2015 Accepted 5 August 2015 Available online 12 August 2015

We study the question whether the number of rounds in public-coin perfect zero-knowledge (PZK) proofs can be collapsed to a constant. Despite extensive research into the round complexity of interactive and zero-knowledge protocols, there is no indication how to address this question. Furthermore, the main tool to tackle this question is instance-dependent commitments, but currently such schemes...

organizational commitment has been defined as the extent that an individual accepts, internalizes, and views his or her role based on organizational values and goals. the three components –affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment– form the basis of a new conceptualization of organizational commitment. job stress has become one of the most serious health issues in t...

A quantum protocol for bit commitment the security of which is based on technological limitations on non demolition measurements and long-term quantum memory is presented.