the author intend to by studying the historical causes of the appearance of the novation in the west and explanation of its legal nature from past to present of french law, proves on the one hand that the novation does not extracted from the french civil code and in the shiite jurisprudence with quite similar terms even before the enactment of iranian civil code, was considered by the shiite su...

  Administrative contracts are legal institutions that have been discussed in field of public law in the legal Roman – German system, France in particular, and it is said that in the country it has increasingly been developed and now it is an eloquence situation. But the institution have not been developed in Common law system (England in particular) and there is a kind of impossibility in acce...