Many studies have investigated the topic of change or drift in item parameter estimates in the context of item response theory (IRT). Content effects, such as instructional variation and curricular emphasis, as well as context effects, such as the wording, position, or exposure of an item have been found to impact item parameter estimates. The issue becomes more critical when items with estimat...

Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used...

The purpose of this study is to prove the equitability pre and post-tests with Rasch Model provide observability individual interindividual ability changes by evaluating equated tests stack analysis within scope Measurement Theory. pre-test post-test data that are applied in were derived from project named A Proposal Increase Turkey’s Success field Mathematics International Large-Scale Exams: E...

PURPOSE This study examined the use of the Tucker linear equating method in producing an individual student's score in 3 groups with bridging stations over 3 consecutive days of the clinical performance examination (CPX) and compared the differences in scoring patterns by bridging number. METHODS Data were drawn from 88 examinees from 3 different CPX groups-DAY1, DAY2, and DAY3-each of which ...

The R package kequate enables observed-score equating using the kernel method of test equating. We present the recent developments of kequate, which provide additional support for item-response theory observed score equating using 2-PL and 3-PL models in the equivalent groups design and non-equivalent groups with anchor test design using chain equating. The implementation also allows for local ...

Although commercial and household wastes are compositionally similar, common UK practice is for separate collections. This paper uses vehicle routeing and scheduling software to predict the benefits of allowing household and commercial waste to be collected together by a common vehicle fleet. This was compared in a case study where collections were made from over 25,000 households on an alterna...

Objective: The lack of distinction in the clinical use of terms like fatigue and sleepiness is an important issue. While both fatigue and sleepiness can potentially be associated with nonrestorative sleep (NRS) complaints, their relationships are still poorly described. We propose to use Rasch analysisbased methods to study the interrelations of fatigue, sleepiness and NRS. Methods: 150 subject...