human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous virus whose sole host is humans. since hcmv can contagion from person to person through numerous ways, vast populations of humans are infected. hcmv infections can potentially have a range from asymptomatic infection in immuno-competent hosts to life-threatening diseases in organ recipients and patients with aids. the present article reviews the occu...

Persons with seriously disabled speech organs and motor function have difficulty in speaking and communicating through hand gestures. Communication aids have been developed based on AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) concept, and are being used to assist in the transmission of the user’s intention. However, the disabled person must have residual motor function to operate most of t...

Botswana has the highest prevalence of HIV in the world. The epidemic of HIV/AIDS is often accompanied by stigma and discrimination that create the circumstances for spreading HIV. To facilitate the design of effective programmes to fight the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discriminatory attitudes, this study examined survey data on the prevalence of, and factors associated with...

background: the control of spread of hiv takes concerted efforts at both national and international levels. education is an important component of preventing the spread of hiv. this study aimed to assess the attitudes of parents, teachers and students towards informing children about hiv/aids, attitudes concerning 'proper' age to learn about hiv/aids, possible differences in attitudes relating ...

the economic burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) is far greater than its direct medical costs. this study estimated annual indirect costs of the hiv/aids epidemic in islamic republic of iran in 2006-2007 from societal perspective. a patient cost diary in sets of six booklets covering a total of 6 months (from october 2006 and fallowed until march...

As people change from face-to-face communication to mediated communication the form of representation changes. Distortion of the message in face-to-face communication is something we have learned to live with and control to some extent by the way we represent ourselves, and our message, to the outside world. When the message is being mediated and represented to the recipient by a communications...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to enhance our understanding of phonological working memory in adults who stutter through the comparison of nonvocal versus vocal nonword repetition and phoneme elision task performance differences. METHOD For the vocal nonword repetition condition, participants repeated sets of 4- and 7-syllable nonwords (n=12 per set). For the nonvocal nonword re...

This paper refers to a machine-mediated person-to-person multilingual communication system. Stress is put on robustness, that is the ability of the system to preserve communication even in presence of the variability and errors typical of spoken language systems. The statistical approach is adopted not only at the acoustic level, but also for the linguistic processing. Therefore, while an overv...