since the last few years, criminal policy authorities of iran started to withdraw their previous emphasis on repressive approaches and under the impact of criminological studies and translation of policy initiatives in western countries new concept and vocabulary were entered into official discourse and criminal justice policy of iran. consequently, a list of community-based approaches to crimi...

background: accidents, such as domestic accidents, and the resulting injuries are presently a matter of concern in communities. some factors such as urbanization cause an increase in the incidence of accidents for recognized and unrecognized reasons. the aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of domestic accidents among a group of families who had migrated to the determined u...

introduction: community-orientated medicine (come) is a topical area for debate in the current discussion about medical education, but it can be agued that medical education has always been in the community because medical practice is located therein. in this study the status of come in all universities were evaluated by educational development center (edc) of ministry of health and medical edu...

community is the main pillar of the urban body; and balance of social life in cities depends on preserving communities. during the twentieth century, the idea of residential-centered community has been offered in many modern theories and has been widely accepted for solving urban various problems such as management, social and human relations, health and welfare issues and aspects of meaning an...

A wide range of behavior may be seen as destructive to online communities. Yet behavior that is ‘bad’ in one community may be celebrated in another. The work of community maintenance is therefore strongly contextual, involving complex choices due to differing norms, community cross-membership, and the need to invoke fairness. The experienced, “lived in” work of moderators; how they enact norms ...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore cultural factors influencing knowledge sharing strategies in virtual communities of practice. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design was employed. Data collection was based on in-depth interviews. The authors assumed that such factors as degree of collectivism, competitiveness, the importance of saving face, in-group orienta...

Audience-bounded online communities require innovative user engagement techniques. Without special efforts focusing on engagement, the contribution volume will likely to be insufficient to maintain a sustainable community-driven system. This paper presents an adaptive approach for user engagement that aims to apply alternative engagement strategies to users with different behavior in the online...

Online communities have something in common: their success rise and fall with the participation rate of active users. In this paper we focus on social rewarding mechanisms that generate benefits for users in order to achieve a higher contribution rate in a wiki system. In an online community, social rewarding is in the majority of cases based on accentuation of the most active members. As money...

Web 2.0-based online communities and social networking platforms in particular are enabling users to create their own content, share this content with anyone they invite and organize connections with existing or new online contacts. The underlying processes are selfdirected and represent a valuable source for creativity and innovation – especially outside firms‟ boundaries. The basis for our re...