The life of an RNA molecule is complicated. Once a newly synthesized eukaryotic RNA has emerged from the RNA polymerase in the nucleus, it will be processed, spliced, and exported into cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, transcribed RNA is synthesized directly in the cytoplasm. RNA molecules that serve as mRNAs have to be kept devoid of local structures that are inhibitory for ribosome scanning and tran...

The paper concerns the closely related topics of the possibility of machines having identifiable personalities, and the possible future legal responsibilities of machines. As will become clear, I wish to explore these topics in terms which are basically those of computational linguistics; and by ‘machines’ here, I intend software entities, rather than robots, and in particular the sort of softw...

A catalog of common-proper-motion (CPM) companions to stars within 67 pc of the Sun is constructed based on the SUPERBLINK proper-motion survey. It contains 1392 CPM pairs with angular separations 30 < ρ < 1800, relative proper motion between the two components less than 25 mas yr, magnitudes and colors of the secondaries consistent with those of dwarfs in the (MV , V − J) diagram. In addition,...

OBJECTIVES This study investigates information recall in unaccompanied and accompanied older cancer patients and their companions. METHODS One hundred cancer patients (aged > or = 65 years) and 71 companions completed a recall questionnaire after a nursing consultation preceding chemotherapy treatment. Recall was checked against the actual communication in video-recordings of the consultation...

We present results of a comprehensive infrared coronagraphic search for substellar companions to nearby stars. The research consisted of (1) a 178-star survey at Steward and Lick observatories, with optical follow-up from Keck Observatory, capable of detecting companions with masses greater than 30 MJ, and semimajor axes between about 140 to 1200 AU; (2) a 102-star survey using the Keck Telesco...

Relations between children's imaginary companion status and their engagement in private speech during free play were investigated in a socially diverse sample of 5-year-olds (N=148). Controlling for socioeconomic status, receptive verbal ability, total number of utterances, and duration of observation, there was a main effect of imaginary companion status on type of private speech. Children who...

The masses of compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes are fundamental to astrophysics, but very difficult to measure. We present the results of an analysis of subluminous B (sdB) stars in close binary systems with unseen compact companions to derive their masses and clarify their nature. Radial velocity curves were obtained from time resolved spectroscopy. The atmospher...

We present two confirmed wide separation L-dwarf common proper motion companions to nearby stars and one candidate identified from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Spectral types from optical spectroscopy are L0 V, L2.5 V, and L8 V. Near-infrared low resolution spectra of the companions are provided as well as a grid of known objects spanning M6 V – T dwarfs to support spectral type assignment fo...