Abstract—In recent decades with the development of technology and lack of food sources, sewage sludge in production of human foods is inevitable. Various sources of municipal and industrial sewage sludge that is produced can provide the requirement of plant nutrients. Soils in arid, semi-arid climate of central Iran that most affected by water drainage, iron and zinc deficiencies, using of sewa...

This paper reviews the sources, bioavailability and fate of heavy metals and organic contaminants in compost manure and in soils of which the manure is applied. The toxicity of heavy metals and organic compounds in soil of which would have come from applied compost is also discussed. Type of materials, their background and where collected for use in composting contribute to the sources of heavy...

We are interested in the optimal control of sewage networks. It is of high public interest to minimize the overflow of sewage onto the streets and to the natural environment that may occur during periods of high rain. The assumption of linear flow in a discrete time setting has proven to be adequate for the practical control of larger systems. However, the possibility of overflow introduces a n...

Problem statement: The chemical pollution of soil has become a major source of concern and has posed serious health problems within the last few years in many developed nations. A variety of organic and inorganic pollutants, including heavy metals, are being mixed in with the cultivated soil and water. Sewage sludge was one of the major sources of enrichment of heavy metals. These pollutants ar...

A long-term experiment was carried out under field conditions in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the concentration of Ba in soil and in maize plants grown in a soil treated with sewage sludge for nine consecutive years. During 2005/2006, maize was used as test plants and the experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four treatments and five replicates....

Human-engineered landscapes and subsequent altered hydrology affect the fate and transport of reactive nitrogen, particularly in urban watersheds. In this study, we used dual-nitrate isotopes and mixing model analysis (δ(15)N and δ(18)O of NO3(-)) to quantify nitrogen inputs from two sources concentrated in urban systems, sewage and atmospheric deposition. Analysis was conducted on samples coll...

Repetitive element anchored PCR was used to evaluate the genetic profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from surface water contaminated with urban stormwater, sanitary sewage, and gull feces to determine if strains found in environmental samples reflect the strain composition of E. coli obtained from host sources. Overall, there was less diversity in isolates collected from river and beach sites...

Concerns over the fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) within the environment have been growing with the advent of more precise analytical methods. The discharge of municipal wastewater has been identified as a significant source of these contaminants, particularly where wastewater treatment is minimal. Here we present results from a comprehensive monitoring regime located ...

Coliphage content of sewage collected from 11 different localities in Hong Kong was determined. The number of plaque-forming units (PFU) ranged from 0.036 x 10(3) to 15.9 x 10(3) per ml. In general, urban sewage tended to be richer than rural sewage both in PFU count as well as plaque morphological variation. Seventy-seven isolates were subjected to a host range study. Fifty per cent of these w...

Sewage effluent and outfall confluence samples were collected at the Barceloneta Regional Treatment Plant in Barceloneta, Puerto Rico; outfall confluence samples at Ocean City, Md., were also collected. Samples from uncontaminated open ocean areas served as clean-water controls. Bacteria were enriched in marine broth 2216 amended with 1 microgram of one of a set of chemicals selected for study ...