Strain rate dependent bone fracture thresholds are investigated to improve the understanding of dynamic lower extremity injury criteria for threats at different rates of compressive impact. Cortical bone specimens were extracted from eleven bovine femur bones and compressed at constant strain rates (10 s, 10 s, 10 s and 3×10 s). The experimental bone response is fitted with a viscoelastic const...

First-principles calculations are used to calculate the strain dependencies of the binding and diffusionactivation energies for Ge adatoms on both Si~001! and Ge~001! surfaces. Our calculations reveal that the binding and activation energies on a strained Ge~001! surface increase and decrease, respectively, by 0.21 and 0.12 eV per percent compressive strain. For a growth temperature of 600 °C, ...

The mechanical state encoded by group III and IV muscle afferents, putative mechano-nociceptors, during indentation was examined using an isolated muscle-nerve preparation in a rat model. Gracilis muscle and its intact innervation were surgically removed from the medial thigh of the rat hindlimb and placed in a dish containing rodent synthetic interstitial fluid. The tendons of the muscle were ...

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have been proposed as promising biomaterials to replace diseased or damaged articular cartilage. A critical barrier to their use as load-bearing tissue replacements is a lack of sufficient mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional compressive and shear mechanical properties of a novel PVA hydrogel. Two formulations of...

This study evaluated the feasibility of assessing continuous strain distributions on fracture callus cross-sections with an electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system. Mid-sagittal callus cross-sections were harvested from ovine tibiae. One low stiffness (LS) specimen and one high stiffness (HS) specimen were selected to evaluate the feasibility for strain acquisition over a range ...

Our studies of compressively strained La0.7Sr0.3MnO7 ~LSMO! thin films reveal the importance of domain structure and strain effects in the magnetization reversal and magnetotransport. Normal and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction indicate that the compressive strain on these LSMO thin films on ~100! LaAlO3 is not completely relaxed up to thicknesses on the order of 1000 Å. The effect of the co...

When an impurity is doped in a solid, it inevitably induces a local stress, tending to expand or contract the lattice. Consequently, strain can be applied to change the solubility of impurity in a solid. Generally, the solubility responds to strain "monotonically," increasing (decreasing) with the tensile (compressive) strain if the impurity induces a compressive stress or vice versa. Using fir...

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the structures, electrical, and magnetic properties of compressive BiFeO3 films under electric-field and pressure perpendicular to the films. A reversible electric-field-induced strain up 10% is achieved in the compressive BiFeO3 films. The giant strain originates from rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) phase transition under electric-filed,...

Finite element analysis, of regular Kelvin foam models with all the material in uniform-thickness faces, was used to predict the compressive impact response of low-density closed-cell polyethylene and polystyrene foams. Cell air compression was analysed, treating cells as surface-based fluid cavities. For a typical 1 mm cell size and 50 s impact strain rate, the elastic buckling of cell faces, ...