Computational models of the human body – together with radiation transport codes – have been used for the evaluation of organ dose conversion coefficients in occupational, medical and environmental radiation protection. During the last two decades, it has become common practice to use voxel models that are derived mostly from (whole body) medical image data of real persons instead of the older ...

For evaluating radiation risk, the construction of anthropomorphic computational phantoms with a variety of physiques can help reduce the uncertainty that is due to anatomical variation. In our previous work, three deformable Chinese reference male phantoms with 10th, 50th and 90th percentile body mass indexes and body circumference physiques (DCRM-10, DCRM-50 and DCRM-90) were constructed to r...

The European Radiation Dosimetry Group, EURADOS, has organised an intercomparison study on the usage of ICRP/ICRU voxel reference computational phantoms together with radiation transport codes. Voluntary participants have been invited to solve specific tasks and provide solutions organisers before a certain deadline. be solved are practical interest in occupational, environmental medical dosime...

introduction accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. the international commission on radiological protection (icrp) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

In order to provide fundamental data required for dose evaluation due to environmental exposures, effective dose conversion coefficients, that is, the effective dose rate per unit activity per unit area, were calculated for a number of potentially important radionuclides, assuming an exponential distribution in ground, over a wide range of relaxation depths. The conversion coefficients were cal...

Computational phantoms are commonly used in internal radiation dosimetry to assess the amount and distribution pattern of energy deposited in various parts of the human body from different internal radiation sources. Radiation dose assessments are commonly performed on predetermined reference computational phantoms while the argument for individualized patient-specific radiation dosimetry exist...

Although it is known that obesity has a profound effect on x-ray computed tomography (CT) image quality and patient organ dose, quantitative data describing this relationship are not currently available. This study examines the effect of obesity on the calculated radiation dose to organs and tissues from CT using newly developed phantoms representing overweight and obese patients. These phantom...

We suggest a scalar model of dark energy with the SO(1, 1) symmetry. The model may be reformulated in terms of a real scalar field Φ and the scale factor a so that the Lagrangian may be decomposed as that of the real quintessence model plus the negative coupling energy term of Φ to a. The existence of the coupling term Lc leads to a wider range of wΦ and overcomes the problem of negative kineti...