The Stroop task is a popular neuropsychological test that measures executive control. Strong Stroop interference is commonly interpreted in neuropsychology as a diagnostic marker of impairment in executive control, possibly reflecting executive dysfunction. However, popular models of the Stroop task indicate that several other aspects of color and word processing may also account for individual...

Three correlational studies investigated the relationship between the time costs associated with Stroop stimuli (Stroop-costs) with the time costs associated with task-switching (switch-costs) obtained from colour-word stimuli and digit stimuli. In all studies, large and significant positive correlations were found between different measures of switch-costs. However, only small (and sometimes n...

We report distributional analyses of response times (RT) in two variants of the color-word Stroop task using manual keypress responses. In the classic Stroop task, in which the color and word dimensions are integrated into a single stimulus, the Stroop congruence effect increased across the quantiles. In contrast, in the primed Stroop task, in which the distractor word is presented ahead of col...

Research indicates that cognitive control is affected by aging and by emotion. However, no studies have addressed whether performance in an emotional Stroop task varies in older relative to younger adults. We examined the effect of aging in a classic Stroop color-naming task (Experiment 1) and in an emotional Stroop task using faces (Experiment 2). Results suggest that aging is associated with ...

Past studies have suggested attentional control tasks such as the Stroop task and the task-switching paradigm may be sensitive for the early detection of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). The authors of the current study combined these tasks to create a Stroop switching task. Performance was compared across young adults, older adults, and individuals diagnosed with very mild dementia. Res...

A connectionist model, which simulates the operation of prefrontal circuits during Stroop task is proposed. The Stroop test has traditionally been used as a measure of cognitive inhibition. The task is to inhibit an over-learned, habitual response (i.e., reading color words) in favor of an unusual, novel requirement (i.e., naming incongruously printed colors of color words). The longer duration...