calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. the upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. in this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

dual systems of steel moment frame and reinforced concrete shear wall have combined the advantages of steel frames and reinforced concrete shear wall. these walls have increased the lateral stiffness of steel frames and have reduced seismic demands on steel frames thus providing opportunities to use such system. in this research intermediate dual system of steel moment frame was chosen with int...

In the design of shield tunnels, it is important to determine structure diaphragm wall in order achieve required retaining pattern. this paper, stabilization effect a new (Π-formed wall) investigated based on model experiments and numerical simulations. By varying length wing its angle end wall, possible discuss different styles Π-formed support soil behind during departure reception machine, i...

presented is a method of two-dimensional analysis of the active earth pressure due to simultaneous effect of both soil weight and surcharge of strip foundation. the study’s aim is to provide a rigorous solution to the problem in the framework of upper-bound theorem of limit analysis method in order to produce some design charts for calculating the lateral active earth pressure of backfill when ...

This paper intends to present an approach the problem of optimal cross-section topology a retaining wall. We use Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method solve this problem. An isotropic solid is divided into n quadrilateral finite elements, and each such element e associated design variable xe which might be regarded as material density. The notion virtual Young's modulus intro...

Based on shear strength reduction finite element method, stability of retaining wall with relieving plate has been analyzed. Due to the structure character of retaining wall with relieving plate, it can be found that fracture surface could hardly cross the triangle area of between lower wall and soleplate, between upper wall and relieving plate, so the second fractured surface occurred at there...