Torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and buccal exostosis are localised, benign, osseous projections, occurring in maxilla and mandible. Etiology is multifactorial and not well established. Tori and exostoses have been associated with parafunctional occlusal habits, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, migraine and consumption of fish. Concurrence of TP, TM, and exostosis in the s...

Ming Li, Shao-Ming Fei and Zhi-Xi Wang 1 Department of Mathematics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037 2 Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Abstract We study the concurrence of arbitrary multipartite mixed quantum states. An explicit lower bound of the concurrence is derived, which detects quantum entanglement of some states better than some separability criter...

The pairwise entanglement, measured by concurrence and geometric phase in high dimensional free-fermion lattice systems have been studied in this paper. When the system stays at the ground state, their derivatives with the external parameter show the singularity closed to the phase transition points, and can be used to detect the phase transition in this model. Furthermore our studies show for ...

Two non-interacting qubits are coupled to an environment. Both coupling and environment are represented by random matrix ensembles. The initial state of the pair is a Bell state, though we also consider arbitrary pure states. Decoherence of the pair is evaluated analytically in terms of purity; Monte Carlo calculations confirm these results and also yield the concurrence of the pair. Entangleme...

Multi-agent systems (MAS) should not be conceived as only cooperative. As open systems situations of concurrence, competition and conflict often arise. Starting from this perspective it is relevant not only pro-social interaction modeling, but also a theory of trust and monitoring, giving special relevance to issues of security and defense: how can an agent prevent that dangerous actions of oth...

We propose a simple geometrical approach for finding the Lewenstein-Sanpera decomposition of Bell decomposable states of 2 ⊗ 2 quantum systems. We show that in these systems, the weight of the pure entangled part in the decomposition is equal to the concurrence of the state. It is also shown that the optimized separable part of L-S decomposition minimizes the von Neumann relative entropy. We al...

In the context of interest, a method of cluster analysis is used to classify a set of units into a fixed number of classes. Simulation procedures with various conceptual foundations may be used to evaluate uncertainty, stability, or sampling error of such a classification. However simulation approaches may be subject to a label-switching problem, when a likelihood function, posterior density, o...

The entanglement of two qubits, each defined as an effective twolevel, spin 1/2 system, is investigated for the case that the qubits interact via a Heisenberg XY interaction and are subject to decoherence due to population relaxation and thermal effects. For zero temperature, the time dependent concurrence is studied analytically and numerically for some typical initial states, including a sepa...