YZG-331, a synthetic adenosine derivative, express the sedative and hypnotic effects via binding to the adenosine receptor. The current study was taken to investigate the metabolic pathway of YZG-331 as well as species-specific differences in vitro. YZG-331 was reduced by 14, 11, 6, 46, and 11% within 120 min incubation in human, monkey, dog, rat, and mouse liver microsomes (LMs), respectively....

We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, reviewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three “founding fathers” of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspec...

UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that viral infection can interfere with cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression and participate in the pathogenesis of oncogenicity. Our miRNAs array data indicated that miR-331-3p expression in HCC cell lines increased, but the relationship between miR-...

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http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7525/1129 Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7525/1129#BIBL This article cites 7 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free at: Rapid responses http://bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/331/7525/1129 You can respond to this article at: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7525/1129#responses f...