There is no unified view about how teachers’ integration of information and communication technology (ICT) should be measured. While many instruments have focused on the technological aspects, recent studies have suggested teachers’ pedagogical considerations, professional development, and emerging ethical and safety issues should be included when assessing teachers’ ICT literacy. Using the per...

In this study, the “Information Seeking Strategies” scale that was developed by Mills, Knezek and Wakefield (2013) has been adapted to Turkish language. A confirmatory factor analysis was run and subsequently, two items were removed. The fact that these two items are related to learning in a traditional class environment may be interpreted in such a manner that the participants prefer online en...

Individuals attribute more psychological (e.g., forget) than biological (e.g., eat) or physical (e.g., be touched) properties to supernatural beings (Shtulman, 2008). It is unclear how those domains each contribute to an overall conception of a supernatural being (e.g., God). Undergraduate students (N = 341) responded to nine questions representing the three domains or factors (psychological, b...

Principal components analysis and factor analysis are common methods used to analyze groups of variables for the purpose of reducing them into subsets represented by latent constructs (Bartholomew, 1984; Grimm & Yarnold, 1995). Even though PCA shares some important characteristics with factor analytic methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the ...

Mobile advertising is a powerful tool for direct and interactive marketing. However effective marketing requires examining consumers’ psyche. This study proposes a hierarchical utility package (in the consumers’ perception) with reference to mobile advertising, thus enhancing its acceptance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed four consolidated utility dimensions (with reference to mobile adv...

This paper reports on the theoretical development and empirical validation of a measurement instrument for three core capabilities of IT departments. The instrument is based on the work of Feeny & Willcocks (1998) and includes the capabilities “IS/IT governance”, “Business system thinking” and “Relationship building”. The sample consists of mostly IT managers. Results demonstrate that the const...

Rizzo, House, and Lirtzman's (1970) Role Ambiguity Scale and Role Conflict Scales assess ambiguity with 6 negatively worded items and conflict with 8 positively worded items, respectively. This methodological confound between item wording and content precludes unambiguous interpretation. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis of these 2 scales and Beehr, Walsh, and Taber's 0976) Rol...

This appendix outlines some of the more prevalent techniques for controlling and for detecting common method bias. These include (1) Harman’s single factor test (Podsakoff et al. 2003), (2) partial correlation technique (Podsakoff et al. 2003), (3) multitrait–multimethod (MMTM) (Shadish et al. 2002), (4) the correlation marker technique, (5) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) marker technique (...

This study tested the four factor structure of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) in a sample of young Malaysian drivers and the relationship these factors had with several other variables. Confirmatory Factor Analysis broadly supported the four factor solution of the DAX, being: Personal Physical Aggressive Expression, Use of a Vehicle to Express Anger, Verbal Aggressive Expression a...

Typically, when using existing scales, researchers conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and estimate reliability indices such as Cronbach alpha. Results are then used to select items that are subsequently incorporated in models. However, this process is inefficient as results from several studies consistently indicate that certain factors have low factor loadings. This study addressed this is...