Extant vertebrates are divided into three major groups: hagfishes (Hyperotreti, myxinoids), lampreys (Hyperoartia, petromyzontids), and jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). The phylogenetic relationships among the groups and within the jawed vertebrates are controversial, for both morphological and molecular studies have rendered themselves to conflicting interpretations. Here, we use the sequenc...

Cultural divergence is incongruity in the values, attitudes and behaviors among different generations of a society. Identifying factors related to cultural divergence in the social values ​​of parents and children is one of the most important issues in Iranian society, which has been investigated in the present research through a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study co...

Multi-objective optimization using an evolutionary computation technique is used extensively for solving conflicting multi-objective optimization problems. In this work, an improved strategy of multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) where the mutation strategy is changed to a trigonometric mutation approach is proposed. The proposed strategy along with other well known strategies of MODE...

In applications of differential geometry to problems of parametric inference, the notion of divergence is often used to measure the separation between two parametric densities. Among them, in this paper, we will verify measures such as Kullback-Leibler information, J-divergence, Hellinger distance, -Divergence, … and so on. Properties and results related to distance between probability d...

Most of the world’s languages use both segment and lexical tone to distinguish word meanings. However, few studies on spoken recognition in show conflicting results concerning relative contribution (sub-)syllabic constituents, time course how segmental tonal information is utilised. In Experiments 1 & 2, participants listened monosyllabic Mandarin words with presence a phonological competitor, ...

the genetic variation and diversity among fifty-eight polyvoltine silkworm genotypes was estimated by using ten economic traits. the results revealed that the single shell weight showed higher genetic variation such as pcv% (17.20%), gcv% (12.93%), and heritability (56.5%) followed by single cocoon weight, shell ratio and matured larval weight. the d2 (mahalonobis? distance) statistics revealed...

What stance does one take towards information received as part of communication? On the one hand, a great deal of knowledge one acquires in one’s life comes from communication. One is therefore likely to be trustful towards information communicated by others. On the other hand, communication can be used to manipulate others. If an audience were to constantly trust information provided by a comm...

Life on Earth is conspicuously more diverse in the tropics. Although this intriguing geographical pattern has been linked to many biotic and abiotic factors, their relative importance and potential interactions are still poorly understood. The way in which latitudinal changes in ecological conditions influence evolutionary processes is particularly controversial, as there is evidence for both a...