Isolated fourth nerve palsy is usually benign. The most common etiologies are congenital, traumatic, ischemic, and idiopathic causes. Extensive evaluations for isolated fourth nerve palsies are generally not indicated, but more intensive evaluation for underlying etiology may be necessary for nonisolated or bilateral fourth nerve palsies. Evaluation of ocular torsion enables differentiation of ...

THERE have been described about thirty cases of this interesting phenomenon. Axenfeld and Schuirenberg (1901) have their names attached to the condition in the Continental literature; they called it " Cyclic Congenital Oculomotor Disease". Fuchs, however, described a case much earlier (1893). The clinical picture is quite different from recurrent oculomotor palsy. The cause is still a matter of...

traoperatively. No attempt was made to drain the subretinal fluid, and no laser photocoagulation was performed. No retinal breaks were identified. The vitreous cavity was filled with 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas and the patient maintained face-down positioning for 1 week. One week postoperatively, the retinal detachment had resolved, and the visual acuity improved to 20/ 200 OD. At the 1 month v...

Asymmetric facial appearance may originate from abnormalities of facial musculature or facial innervation. Congenital absence or hypoplasia of facial muscles has not been known except for the depressor anguli oris muscle. Even, congenital unilateral hypoplasia of the orbicularis oris muscle cause of unilateral upper lip palsy has not been reported in the literature up to day. In this report, we...

Isolated third nerve palsy develops in numerous intracranial pathologies such as closed head trauma, tumor, and aneurysm. Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy caused by shrapnel injury is uncommon. After a penetrating intracranial shrapnel injury, our patient with oculomotor ophthalmoplegia underwent surgery. Microsurgery removed the shrapnel that was applying pressure on the third nerve, resulting ...