Studies on models synthesized by stereochemically controlled routes show that the central triene chromophore in the common cis isomer of phytoene has the irans,cis,trans configuration, and that the phytoene from Flavobacterium dehydrogenans consists mainly of the all-trans isomer. Capsorubin, with the natural configuration at all four chiral centres, has been synthesized from (+)-camphor. Sever...

In this paper, a transit assignment model has been developed on stochastic networks, with considering vehicle capacity and scheduled timetable. The stochastic network based transit assignment model is appropriate to apply for bus and metro networks altogether since it can distinguish between uncertain and reliable travel times characteristics by imposing stochastic parameters on links or lines....

Alkyldifluorophosphites, ROPF2 (R = ^-substituted benzyl group, neopentyl, 1-adamantyl) have been obtained by a new method, involving reaction of the appropriate alkyl trimethylsilylether, ROSiMe3 with chlorodifluorophosphine, PF2C1. Reactions of these difluorophosphites with platinum(II) complexes of the type [LaPtCla] (L = PEt3, PPI13) led to products such as irans-[L2PtCl(POF2)] and {[p-XC6H...

In the United States, many transit agencies are considering integrating their demand-responsive service with traditional fixed-route service. In some cases, it may be advantageous to the transit agency or to the passenger to coordinate traditional demand-responsive transit service with fixed -route service. The demand-responsive service connects passengers from their origin to the fixed route s...

Travel reliability is the most essential determinant for operating transit system and improving its service level. In this study, an optimization model electric route network design problem proposed, under precondition that locations of charging depots are predetermined. Objectives to pursue maximum travel meanwhile control total cost within a certain range. Constraints about bus operation also...

Abstract Urban rail transit often operates with high service frequencies to serve heavy passenger demand during rush hours. Such operations can be delayed by two types of congestion: train congestion and congestion, both which interact each other. This delay is problematic for many systems, since it amplified due the interaction. However, there are no tractable models describing them; makes dif...

This paper and the proposed formulation contribute to an apparent gap in transit research design by integrating equity considerations into the transit frequency-setting problem. The proposed approach provides a means to design transit service such that equitable access to basic amenities (e.g., employment, supermarkets, medical services) is provided for lowincome populations or disadvantaged po...

In many developing countries, public transit plays an important role in daily life. However, few existing methods have considered the influence of public transit in their models. In this work, we present a dual-perspective view of the epidemic spreading process of the individual that involves both contamination in places (such as work places and homes) and public transit (such as buses and trai...