Three experiments examined children's knowledge of harmony in Western music. The children heard a series of chords followed by a final, target chord. In Experiment 1, French 6- and 11-year-olds judged whether the target was sung with the vowel /i/ or /u/. In Experiment 2, Australian 8- and 11-year-olds judged whether the target was played on a piano or a trumpet. In Experiment 3, Canadian 8- an...

A probabilistic approach for investigating the phenomena of dissonance and consonance in a simple auditory sensory model, composed by two sensory neurons and one interneuron, is presented. We calculated the interneuron’s firing statistics, that is the interspike interval statistics of the spike train at the output of the interneuron, for consonant and dissonant inputs in the presence of additio...

This article addresses the problem of coronal palatalization in Harari (Ethiopian Semitic) triggered by the 2nd person singular feminine non-perfective subject suffix /-i/. The palatalization process is unusual in two respects: (a) palatalization operates at a distance over other vowels and consonants and (b) palatalization may optionally affect more than one coronal consonant in the same stem,...

A review of the literature found that most published studies in musical preference tended to focus on liking for specific or broad categories of musical styles. Various researchers have proposed that musical characteristics are significant in contributing to one's musical preference This article provides an overview of the research on the relationship between selected musical characteristics an...

This paper demonstrates the role of morphological alternations in learning novel phonotactic patterns. In an artificial grammar learning task, adult learners were exposed to a phonotactic pattern in which the first and last consonant agreed in voicing. Long-distance phonotactics encoded as strictly piecewise languages suggest that first-last phonotactic patterns should be unattested in natural ...

Nasal spreading (also called nasal vowel-consonant harmony) is a process by which a nasal segment in a word triggers nasalization of its surrounding segments. This paper proposes a reanalysis of this phenomenon using gestures as the units of phonological representation in order to more accurately capture its crosslinguistic typological patterns. Nasal spreading proceeds unboundedly, potentially...

A smile is a form of one's facial expression that widely used and easy to see. Having an aesthetic attractive can make person more confident when interacting socially in their environment. There are eight main components assessed smile, two which the arc gingiva display. Both have received lot attention because they known major influence on smile.The harmony gingival display will produce smile....

Consonant and dissonant pitch relationships in music provide the foundation of melody and harmony, the building blocks of Western tonal music. We hypothesized that phase-locked neural activity within the brainstem may preserve information relevant to these important perceptual attributes of music. To this end, we measured brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) from nonmusicians in respo...

Abstract We survey templatic diminutive formation in Hungarian. conclude that there is an intricate system of endings are added to bases which truncated if they contain more than one vowel. Bases also subject vowel length changes both directions, as well the palatalization last consonant. The forms not harmony occurring suffixes prevails regular additive morphology language. Nevertheless, these...

Properties of phonological systems may derive from both comprehension and production constraints. In this study, we test the extent to which general purpose constraints from sequence production are manifested in repetitions of phonemes within words. We find that near repetitions of phonemes occur less than expected by chance within the vocabularies of four studied languages: Dutch, English, Fre...