In this Letter, we have studied two coupled relativistic superfluids with spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking, using Poisson bracket technique. After constructing the commutators between thermo-quantities and field quantities, the equations of motion are obtained. These equations describe the system in the frame of two-constituent superfluid theory and provide a clear picture relating the symmet...

in the present work, study of the vibration of a functionally graded (fg) cylindrical shell made up of stainless steel, zirconia, and nickel is presented. free vibration analysis is presented for fg cylindrical shells with simply supported-simply supported and clamped–clamped boundary condition based on temperature independent material properties. the equations of motion are derived by hamilton...

The propagation of light-induced thermo-reorientational solitary waves in nematic liquid crystals is studied using numerical solutions the full governing equations and variational approximations. These form as nonlocal refractive index response to extraordinarily polarized light beams both self-focusing via induced rotation constituent molecules self-defocusing owing temperature increase throug...

This paper studies the quark condensate, magnetic moment, polarization, and susceptibility in a strong external field by employing Dyson–Schwinger equations (DSE). The results show these physical quantities as functions of field. We note that quark’s spin polarizations are approximately proportional to magnitude. For comparison, we investigate moments nucleon constituent model framework demonst...

Abstract In this work, the state -space nonlocal strain gradient theory is used for vibration analysis of magneto thermo piezoelectric functionally graded material (FGM) nanobeam. An FGM constituent properties stated by using power law relations. The refined higher order beam and Hamilton’s principle have been to obtain motion equations. Besides, governing equations nanobeam are extracted devel...

Within the framework of the constituent quark model, it is shown that the single hadron fragmentation function of a parton can be expressed as a convolution of shower diquark or triquark distribution function and quark recombination probability, if the interference between amplitudes of quark recombination with different momenta is neglected. The recombination probability is determined by the h...

We present a fast hadronization model for the constituent quark plasma (CQP) produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS. The model is based on rate equations and on a confining equation of state inspired by the string phenomenol-ogy. We display the time evolution of the relevant physical quantities during the hadronization process and the final hadron multiplicities. The results indic...

We present a fast hadronization model for the constituent quark plasma (cqp) produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS. The model is based on rate equations and on an equation of state inspired by the string phenomenology. This e.o.s. has a confining character. We display the time evolution of the relevant physical quantities during the hadronization process and the final hadron mult...

I introduce and discuss the quantum Monte Carlo method, a state-of-the-art computer simulation technique capable of solving the equations of quantum mechanics with extremely high accuracy whilst remaining tractable for systems with relatively large numbers of constituent particles. The CASINO code, developed in our group in Cambridge over many years, is briefly reviewed and results obtained wit...