The main aim of the present paper is to outline a theoretical framework of instruction based on the elements of two major approaches of cognitivism and constructivism. To begin with, the paper introduces the notion of instructional design and discusses the importance of psychology of learning and instruction in designing instructional models. Further, the paper identifies the prototypical schem...

This case study explores how a constructivist-based instructional design helped adult learners learn in an online learning environment. Two classes of adult learners pursuing professional development and registered in a webbased course were studied. The data consisted of course documents, submitted artefacts, surveys, interviews, in-class observations, and online observations. The study found t...

Educational Modelling Languages (EMLs) have been proposed to enable the modelling of instructional resources in accordance with different learning approaches. An EML provides a containment framework of elements that can describe any design of a teaching-learning experience in a formal way. This thesis tries to contribute to the development of EMLs focusing on collaborative learning scenarios an...

For the past several years the author has been reviewing instructional design theories in an attempt to identify prescriptive principles that are common to the various theories. This paper is a preliminary report of the principles that have been identified by this search. Five first principles are elaborated: (a) Learning is promoted when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems. (b)...

With an increased emphasis on problem solving and problem-based learning in the instructional design field, new methods for task analysis and models for designing instruction are needed. An important methodology for both entails the elicitation, analysis, and inclusion of stories as a primary form of instructional support while learning to solve problems. Stories are the most natural and powerf...

Introduction: The Complex Context of Learning and The Design of Instruction A central argument of this paper is that there is a common basis for the failure of many instructional systems. The claim is that these deficiencies in the outcomes of learning, are strongly influenced by underlying biases and assumptions in the design of instruction which represent the instructional domain and its asso...

This study examines how the beliefs of Chinese in-service teachers regarding knowledge and knowledge acquisition influence their instructional classroom practices in junior secondary schools directly or indirectly through their conceptions of teaching and learning. The results indicate that the factor of learning effort/process is highly valued by Chinese in-service teachers in their epistemolo...

Educational research and development into e-learning mainly focuses on the inclusion of new technological features without taking into account psycho-pedagogical concerns that are likely to improve a learner's cognitive process in this new educational category. This paper presents an instructional model that combines objectivist and constructivist learning theories. The model is based on the co...