The kinetics of human red blood cell Cl transport have been studied under nonequilibrium conditions to determine whether or not an outward Cl gradient can recruit the transport protein from an inward-facing to an outward-facing configuration. Three kinds of evidence are consistent with this outward recruitment. First, the initial net Cl efflux into a Cl-free phosphate medium is independent of t...

Subthalamic nucleus neurons exhibit reverse spike-frequency adaptation. This occurs only at firing rates of 20-50 spikes/s and higher. Over this same frequency range, there is an increase in the steady-state frequency-intensity (F-I) curve's slope (the secondary range). Specific blockade of high-voltage activated calcium currents reduced the F-I curve slope and reverse adaptation. Blockade of c...

â â â â â â  â  abstract â  outward-oriented economies seem to grow faster than inward-looking ones. does the literature on convergence have anything to say on this? in the dynamic heckscher-ohlin-samuelson model, with factor-price equalization, there is no convergence of incomes. this is because with identical preferences and return to capital, irrespective of initial levels the growth rates o...

The current international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of COPD recognise spirometry as a major criterion to confirm a clinical diagnosis of COPD. The specific role of spirometry for the diagnosis of COPD is to identify the presence if airflow obstruction, which is the essential requirement for the definition of the disease. Although a reduction of the ratio of forced expiratory v...

«Application of a symbolico-connectionist approach for the design of a highly interactive documentary database interrogation system with on-line learning capabilities» Proceedings of CIKM 94-Gaithersburg (USA)-to be published.

Previous studies suggest that factual learning, that is, learning from obtained outcomes, is biased, such that participants preferentially take into account positive, as compared to negative, prediction errors. However, whether or not the prediction error valence also affects counterfactual learning, that is, learning from forgone outcomes, is unknown. To address this question, we analysed the ...

Negation and speculation are common in natural language text. Many applications, such as biomedical text mining and clinical information extraction, seek to distinguish positive/factual objects from negative/speculative ones (i.e., to determine what is negated or speculated) in biomedical texts. This paper proposes a novel task, called negation and speculation target identification, to identify...

While the equation above is correct, it is not very useful for incremental updates since the equation above updates the checksum C, rather than the 1’s complement of the checksum, ̃C, which is the value stored in the checksum field. In addition, it suffers because the notation does not clearly specify that all arithmetic, including the unary negation, must be performed one’s complement, and so i...