background and aim: although play seems to be a simple concept, it is complex and varies according to individual experiences. play is a process that follows no rule. it is a spontaneous, funny, flexible, completely attractive, vital, and challenging behavior that aims at no goal. pretend play starts in childhood since 18 months. the play is a potential source for assessment of academic skills a...

INTRODUCTION The importance of content validity in the instrument psychometric and its relevance with reliability, have made it an essential step in the instrument development. This article attempts to give an overview of the content validity process and to explain the complexity of this process by introducing an example. METHODS We carried out a methodological study conducted to examine the ...

Content validity, the extent to which a measurement reflects the specific intended domain of content, is a basic type of validity for a valid measurement. It has usually been examined using qualitative methods and has not been given as much attention as the other psychometric properties such as internal consistency reliability, indicator reliability and construct validity in the IS field. In th...

Objective: This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of sociocultural attitude towards appearance questionnaire in female adolescents. Method: This was a methodological study. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian, using forward-backward method. Then the face validity, content validity and reliability were checked. To ensure face validity, the ques...

introduction: many patients who have had strokes suffer from dysphagia which can lead to aspiration pneumonia in 20% to 25% of cases. early assessment of dysphagia has can reduce the risk of death and the cost of medical care. the present study developed a questionnaire to assess dysphagia in adult patients who have suffered strokes and determined the validity and reliability of the content. me...

objective: the study aimed to design and evaluate the content and face validity, and reliability of knowledge, attitude, and behavior questionnaire on preventive behaviors among vulnerable women concerning sexually transmitted diseases (stds). materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out in two phases of an action research. in the first phase, to explain stds preventive dom...