This paper develops a statistically unbiased and simple method for measuring the difference of independent empirical distributions estimated by bootstrapping or other simulation approaches. This complete combinatorial method is compared with other unbiased and biased methods that have been suggested in the literature, first in Monte Carlo simulations and then in a field test of external and int...

This article reports the results of two studies aimed at testing and refining a procedure for estimating willingnessto-pay based monetary values of safety using the contingent valuation method. In spite of the fact that respondents were given the opportunity to discuss various safety issues and key concepts in focus group meetings held in advance of individual interviews, and were also given am...

abstract by using cross-section data which gathered through a survey research in mashhad ,contingent valuation approach and tobit model this study tries to determine economical value of air pollution and effective factors on wtp. based on contingent valuation approach, air pollution total value of airpollution in high-polluted region equals 7134146560 rials per month and in middle-polluted regi...

abstract researches of preservation valuation of natural resources and environment were done in order to create necessary awareness for making optimal decisions in the field of the ways of economic management of these resources and helping to establish sustainable regional development strategy. in this study, preservation value of lilium ledebourii estimated using single bounded dichotomous cho...

capacity of garden productions in iran is such that is accounted as a country that produces thirteen garden products in the world but despite excellent condition in iran for producing garden products, natural disasters damage production of fruits in the country therefore farmers incur a loss. pistachio tree has been in danger of destruction and dryness. thus, in order to reduce loss incurred on...