This study examines the warm rain formation process in global and regional cloud-resolving models. Methodologies developed to analyze CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations are employed to investigate the cloud-to-precipitation processes and are applied to model results for comparisons with corresponding statistics from the observations. Three ...

[1] Warm rain occurs in low‐level liquid water clouds and does not involve an ice‐phase process. Comprising many state‐of‐the‐art passive and active instruments, the NASA A‐Train series of satellites provide comprehensive simultaneous information about warm clouds and their precipitation processes. This study exploits multi‐sensor data from the A‐Train satellite constellation to investigate the...

The crown architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species (two subcanopy and one mid-canopy) was analyzed in relation to the light regime of the forest understorey. The aim was to examine to which extent shade-tolerant species variate in their crown architecture. Tree saplings (265) between 50 and 300 cm height, and distributed from understorey to variously-sized canopy gaps, were measured fo...

An improved independent precipitation data set with the horizontal resolution of 7×7 km grid over central Europe was generated (Free University of Berlin (FUB)precipitation analysis). For scale dependent evaluation of the Local model (LM) of the German Weather service, the precipitation data were separated into convective and stratiform fractions. To analyse precipitation amounts an interpolati...

A new method for the delineation of precipitation during daytime using multispectral satellite data is proposed. The approach is not only applicable to the detection of mainly convective precipitation by means of the commonly used relation between infrared cloud top temperature and rainfall probability but enables also the detection of stratiform precipitation (e.g. in connection with mid-latit...

In the Tropics more small drops and less large drops were found in oceanic precipitation than in continental precipitation at the given reflectivity. Similarly, more small drops and less large drops were found in remnants of a tropical cyclone than in frontal precipitation in mid-latitude site at the same reflectivity. The presence of small drops was higher in deep convective regime than in str...

Precipitation is the meteorological parameter affecting people in the most direct way. Forecasting the spatial and temporal distribution of rain and snow is therefore one of the major challenges for the meteorological services. Satellite remote sensing of precipitation could help to improve these forecasts. The most direct method to retrieve precipitation from spaceborne measurements is based o...

Orographic precipitation of Pacific-sourced moisture creates a rain shadow across the central part of the Sierra Nevada (California) that contrasts with the southern part of the range, where seasonal monsoonal precipitation sourced to the south obscures this rain shadow effect. Orographic rainout systematically lowers the hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation (deltaD(ppt)) and therefore...