We have performed a complete one-loop calculation of γγ → ZZ in the Standard Model, including both gauge bosons and fermions in the loop. We confirm the large irreducible continuum background from the W-boson loop found by Jikia. We have included the photon-photon luminosity, and find that the continuum background of transverse Z boson pairs prohibits finding a heavy Higgs with mass ∼ > 350 GeV...

A lot of absorption lines are in the bluewards of Lyα emission line of quasar which is well-known as Lyαforest. Most of absorption lines in this forest belong to the Lyα absorption of the neutral hydrogen in the inter-galactic medium (IGM). For high redshift quasars and in the continuum with low and medium resolution, there are no many regions without absorption, so that, the quasar continuum i...

based on the notion of micro-structure in linear elasticity presented by mindlin, a newextended continuum mechanics (ecm) formulation is derived which can be utilized to model thematerial behavior at atomic scale. an attempt has been made to present a formulation capable ofproducing the molecular dynamics (md) simulation results with less computational effort. to thisend, some new kinematical v...

Transverse oscillations of small amplitude are commonly seen in highresolution observations of filament threads, i.e. the fine-structures of solar filaments/prominences, and are typically damped in a few periods. Kink wave modes supported by the thread body offer a consistent explanation of these observed oscillations. Among the proposed mechanisms to explain the kink mode damping, resonant abs...

Incorporation of van der Waals interactions enables the continuum model of electrodiffusion in biomolecular system to avoid the artifacts of introducing a molecular surface and the painful task of the surface mesh generation. Calculation examples show that the electrostatics, diffusion-reaction kinetics, and molecular surface defined as an isosurface of a certain density distribution can be ext...

In this paper, we develop a macroscopic model for pedestrian flow using the dynamic continuum modeling approach. We consider a two-dimensional walking facility that is represented as a continuum within which pedestrians can move freely in any direction. A pedestrian chooses a route based on his or her memory of the shortest path to the desired destination when the facility is empty and, at the ...

An external cavity (EC) quantum cascade laser (QCL) configuration with the thermoelectrically cooled gain medium fabricated using a bound-to-continuum design and operating in continuous wave at ∼ 5.2 μm is reported. The EC architecture employs a piezo-activated cavity mode tracking system for mode-hop free operation suitable for high resolution spectroscopic applications and multiple species tr...

Utilizing resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we report a previously unobserved mode in the excitation spectrum of La2-xSrxCuO4 and Nd2CuO4 at 500 meV. The mode is peaked around the (pi, 0) point in reciprocal space and is observed to soften, and broaden, away from this point. Samples with x=0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.17 were studied. The new mode is found to be rapidly suppressed with increasing Sr...

Using the standard tight binding model of 2D graphite with short range electron repulsion, we predict a gapless spin-1, neutral collective mode branch below the particle-hole continuum with energy vanishing linearly with momenta at the Gamma and K points in the Brillouin zone. This spin-1 mode has a wide energy dispersion, 0 to approximately 2 eV, and is not Landau damped. The "Dirac cone spect...

In this paper, a continuum model based on the nonlocal elasticity theory is developed for vibration analysis of embedded orthotropic circular and elliptical micro/nano-plates. The nano-plate is bounded by a Pasternak foundation. Governing vibration equation of the nonlocal nano-plate is derived using Nonlocal Classical Plate Theory (NCPT). The weighted residual statement and the Galerkin method...