[Purpose] This study attempted to identify how genu varum or valgum affects the electromyographic activities of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during knee isometric contraction. [Subjects] Fifty-two healthy young adults were enrolled in this study. They were enrolled and classified into three groups by knee alignment conditions: the genu varum, genu valgum, and contro...

Even though many investigators have analyzed the functional difference of the three heads of triceps surae in human, none of them succeeded to clarify the distinctive functional difference of those three muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the integrated EMGs (IEMGs) of the triceps surae muscle, gastrocnemius and soleus, were task dependent. IEMGs of the medial head of the...

Abstract This paper studies the influence of nozzle structure and process parameters on solid propellant 3D printing process, so as to better guide optimization improvement, realize continuous extrusion molding propellant. Four characteristic such diameter, shrinkage angle, temperature, wall slip coefficient are selected, these four speed pressure slurry in is discussed by using orthogonal test...

The Marangoni contraction of sessile drops of a binary mixture of a volatile and a nonvolatile liquid has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The origin of the contraction is the locally inhomogeneous evaporation rate of sessile drops. This leads to surface tension gradients and thus to a Marangoni flow. Simulations show that the interplay of Marangoni flow, capillary flow, diff...

In this study, a novel dental composite based on the unsaturated bismethylene spiroorthocarbonate expanding monomer 3,9-dimethylene-1,3,5,7-tetraoxa-spiro[5,5]undecane (BMSOC) and bisphenol-S-bis(3-meth acrylate-2-hydroxypropyl)ether (BisS-GMA) was prepared. CQ (camphorquinone) of 1 wt % and DMAEMA (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) of 2 wt % were used in a photoinitiation system to initiate...

We study the dynamics of billiard models with a modified collision rule: the outgoing angle from a collision is a uniform contraction, by a factor λ , of the incident angle. These pinball billiards interpolate between a one-dimensional map when λ = 0 and the classical Hamiltonian case of elastic collisions when λ = 1. For all λ < 1, the dynamics is dissipative, and thus gives rise to attractors...

Fascicle curvature of human medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) was determined in vivo by ultrasonography during isometric contractions at three (distal, central, and proximal) locations (n = 7) and at three ankle angles (n = 7). The curvature significantly (P < 0.05) increased from rest to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (0.4-5.2 m(-1)). In addition, the curvature at MVC became larger in the ...

The wetting properties of multicomponent liquids are crucial to numerous industrial applications. mechanisms that determine the contact angles for such remain poorly understood, with many intricacies arising due complex physical phenomena, example, presence surfactants. Here, we consider two-component drops consist mixtures vicinal alkanediols and water. These diols behave surfactant-like in Ho...

Introduction Changes in muscle geometry such as muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length occur with muscle contraction (Herbert and Gandevia, 1995; Fukunaga et al., 1997; Ito et al., 1998; Kawakami et al., 1998; Maganaris and Baltzopoulos, 1999). These changes can be measured using computerised sonography and could potentially provide a measure of muscle 'activity'. This study inve...

BACKGROUND Because muscle fascicle behavior affects to the force-generating capability, understanding of muscle fascicle length changes during dynamic movements is important. Preactivation may affect the muscle fascicle length changes, especially in the case of eccentric contraction. However, its influence has not been clarified. To this end, muscle fascicle behavior during eccentric contractio...