A cryocooler survey has been performed on data of 235 cryocoolers, with cooling powers below some tens of watts and operating between 4 and 120 K. The state-of-the-art is discussed and trends are investigated on cooling performance, mass and size, cost, lifetime and reliability. The data were compared with earlier surveys to explore historical trends. Improvements in cooling performance were ma...

TThe thermoelectric application is one of most popular energy harvesting from waste heat. The generators, coolers, and modular devices criterion comes in both sustainable as well renewability electrical heat sinks. recovery operations are optimized with the help modeling using MATLAB software. material science based applications can be modeled simulink modeling. numerical algorithmic method for...

As many as 109 neutron stars populate the Galaxy, but only ≈ 103 are directly observed as pulsars or as accreting sources in X–ray binaries. In principle also the accretion of the interstellar medium may make isolated neutron stars shine, and their weak luminosity could be detected in soft X–rays. Recent ROSAT observations have convincingly shown that neutron stars accreting from the interstell...